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Wi II ui/hs' ]),>,( Chrc'f (('It or I'xdtletl /'ear 



BEING A 

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 

OF THE 

MOST VALUABLE VARIETIES 

OF THE 

FXSAR, AVTJall, FBACH, PZ.XJM & CHERR'S', 

FOR 



BY ROBERT MANNING. 



TO WHICH 13 ADDED THE 



GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT, RASPBERRY, STRAWBERRV. 
AND THE GRAPE 5 

WITH MODES OF CULTURE. 



HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. 

4 

^/ /] J ^VITII PI.ATES. 



-f 1 



First Series for 1838. 



salem: 
published by ives & jewett. 

AND FOR SALE AT THE DIFFERENT BOOK-STORES AND SEED 



ESTABLISHMENTS IN NEW-ENGLAND. 

~T838. 






r 






Eiitercil according to Act of Congress in the year 1838, 

Ht IVES &. JEWETT, 

In the Clerk's Office of the Diatrict Court of Rlasaachusetts 



SALEM OBSERVEK PRESS. 









tAV-^ 



^ 

«? 



TABI.B or CON"TEI3"TS. 



Page. 

Desultory Rcniaiks .._------ 1 to 13 

Root.— Soil.— MamiMs -------- 13 to l,"i 

I'runing ------ !.-> to 17 

TranspKuiting.— Fircbli^Ut, &;c. ------ 17 lo '20 

Exppr'unent in Spring .111(1 Fall Transplanting - - - - 21 

Diseases. — Injurious Insects, &:c. - - - - - - 22 to 21 

Grafting.— Season for cutting them, &c. - - - - - 21 to G'j 

Inoculation, or Budding -------- 20 to ~/ 

Cultivation of the Apple and Pear - - - - - - 27 to :30 

Cultivation of tlie Peach - - - 31 ti) 3:> 

Cultivation of the Plum -------- 32 to 33 

Cultivation of the Cherry .--•-.--- 34 

Cultivation of the Currant and Gooseberry 34 lo 3!i 

Cultivation of the Isabella Grape - - - - - - 3G to 38 

Cultivation of the Rasplierry - - 38 to 3!) 

Cultivation of the Strawberry ------- 39 to 4.'") 

,50 varietLosoftlie Apple (See Index) 45 to C3 

y[ u a Tear " ----- ti4 to 9t) 

]5 c. u r,.a,,ii " ----- 97 to 101 

20 " " Plum " - - ^- - - 101 to 107 

14 " " Cherry " - 1F^ - - - 108 to 112 

Hardy Ornamental Trees and Shrubs - - - - - 113 to lU 

List of Scotcli Gooseberries - - - 11.3 to 1 li; 

Lindley, on tlie production of new varieties pf Fruit - - IIG to 118 



s^ 



O' 'J^lic tlircciions for culture, Sec. and llic articles on tlieStrnwbciry, 
Currant, Ivaspbcrry, GooscL>ciry and Grape, together with the jilatcs, 
were furnished liv Mr. John HI. Ivk.s. 



DESUIiTORY REMARKS. 



The PoMOLocacAL Garden was commenced in 1823, with (lie de- 
sign of forming' a large collection of specimen trees of such varieties of 
foreign and native fruits, as were hardy enough to endure the inclemency 
of a northern winter. After a strict examination of the produce of those 
trees, carefull}' comparing the wood, the leaf and the fruit, with the lig- 
urcs and descriptions in the most popular works on Pomology, it was in- 
tended to select for permanent ctdtivation, those varieties which were at 
once fitted to the climate of iNew England, and of high merit in them- 
selves. In furtherance of this purpose, we have assiduously culletl 
from American catalogues all that we judged worthy of trial, and im- 
ported from tiie first European establishments, the fruits most in repute 
with the writers of their respective countries. We have never limited 
ourselves to one specimen, but have in every instance, procured trees of 
each name from many diflPercnt sources, in order the more surely to ar- 
rive at correct conclusions respecting their identity, as well as to multi- 
ply our means of estimating their comparative value. 

For tionations of scions we are indebted to the liberality of many gen- 
tlemen of our own country, who have imported choice fruits from Europe 
lor their own gardens; to the London Horticultural Society, and to the 
learned Doctor Van Mons, of Brussels, from whom we have received 
most of those new and admirable Pears which he has, for many years, 
produced on his own grounds, or obtained from the horticulturists of 
Belgium and Germany. We have also annually collected scions of all 
the new fruits of American origin, and propose to continue the collection 



C> DESUI.TORV REMARKS. 

both of these aiul of trees from the hest foreign and native sources. W'c 
shall suliject their produce to the same rigid scrutiny with the contents 
of the present vohnne ; and shall offer those which prove most valuatilc 
and hardy to nursery-men and amateurs, who will thus be enabled to 
obtain varieties of tried merit, without danger of the necessity of a re- 
newal, at a future period, after wailing inany years for the appearance 
of fruit. 

A supplement to this work will be puiilibhed at the close of every 
fruit season, describing each desirable kind which has been jjroved dur- 
ing the season. With the exception of Peaches, we recommend no 
fruit that will not ripen in any part of New England or New York, and 
in the southern part of Canada. Our selections have been made from 
nearly four hundred kinds, which we have raised yearly. E.xperience 
has taught us that many fruits, highly extolled by European writers, and 
doulnlcss of great excellence in their native soil, either perish or degen- 
erate in our colder regions ; and of tliese and all others which we have 
found in any respect improper for culiivalion, we design hereafter to 
publi-sh a catalogue. 

We do not claim for all the varieties herein enumerated, the distinc- 
tion of first rale fruits ; some are second rate, admitted in consideration 
of their size, licauiy and abundant bearing, though t'lieir flavour is not 
Uie most delirious. 'I'lie essential characteristics of a first rale tree are, 
health, vij;or, anil let lility ; those of a first rale fruit are, magnitude of 
j;ize, beaniy of shape and colour, and richness of flavour. Put a small 
number of fruits, uniting all these qualities, is known to horlicullural 
;;cience throughout the world. Besides, in regard to the taste of a fruit, 
the judgment of individuals greatly varies; what one person would pro- 
nounce exi|uisite. might to another seem merely tolerable. In commen- 
/.ation, however, of the kinds described in this manual, we confidently 
tlecli're our conviction, that no possessor of any or all of them would 
willingly relin<]uish their culture for the ]!urposc of regrafting his trees 
with any other varieties. 

'I'liere is one circumstance to which w." venlnrc to call die attention of 
our readers — that v^'hile some recent works on I'omology are compiled 
trom earlier authors, or from information derived at second-hand, the 
writers themselves seldom having the means of observation in their 
j>ower, we have in these pages described no specimen whicii we have 
no! r.c'.ealiv identified, bcvond a reasonable doubt of its genuineness. 



ftESULTOUY REMARKS. / 

Wc ofler ihesc notices morch' as matters of fact, viiliout cmbellishmciils. 
Kecording notliing tliat we have not ourselves witnessed, wc have cjuoled 
no synonims, and referred to llie authority of preceding writers no far- 
ther than to adopt the names by whicli the fruits are known in the cata- 
logue of the London Horticultural Society, the most complete work on 
this subject iiitherto oflercd to tlie public. 

The innumerable errors in the names of fruits, and the perplexity and 
disappointment arising from tliis cause, are inconceivable to any but a 
collector. It is very desisable that there should he some acknowledged 
standard^ to whose authority, in doubtful cases of this nature, we might 
appeal. Nurserymen and cultivators have generally deemed it a point 
too trifling for consideration. If a fruit was good, the name was sup- 
posed to be of no consequence. A better state of things is, however, 
beginning to prevail, especially in the United States, where a knowledge 
of the subject is widely diiiused, and a laudable solicitude is felt that 
catalogues should contain no varieties but vviiat are actually cultivated, 
and ascertained to be identically the kinds which their titles proclaim 
them to be. 

The invoices of trees from France frequently furnish instances of un- 
parallaled ignorance, or even fraud. We liave received from uiiat were 
considered the best establishments, large numbers yearly — on one occa- 
sion several hundred — all bearing new and high-sounding names, and 
the greater part of which were suffered to arrive at maturity ; but, with 
very few exceptions, the fruit was entirely worthless. 

There is a peculiar diiFiculiy in making a selection of choice Apples, 
because, in addition to the very numerous varieties already made known 
l>y the different Horticultural societies, and included in the nursery cata- 
logues, we are constantly receiving accessions from cultivators and col- 
lectors; and, in travelling through New England, we find in almost ev- 
ery town, and, indeed, on most farms, some valuable fruits, of local 
oiigiii, wliich have never been introduced to general notice. Still, we 
do not despair of succes-^ in our endeavors to collect the most desirable 
kinds, both native and foreign. 

A very large number of new pears has been introduced, and was ren- 
<lered necessary by the degeneracy of most of those fine old varieties, 
for a long course of years so successi'ully cultivated in this section of 
ilie countrv. Some of these old kinds still continue to be favorite fruitj 



o DESULTORY nEMAllKS. 

for iho dessert, bul i>i general they have become worthless, and are no 
longer raised on standards, or in the open ground. We are more than 
compensated for tlicir loss by the new Flemish pears, introduced into 
the United States by the liberality of the London Horticultural Society, 
and of Doctor J. B. Xan Mons. 'I'hese new fruits have in most instan- 
ces fi'.hllkHl our highest expectations. 

There has also been a large accession to the number of fine Plums 
cultivated in Now England, both by introductions from Europe, and by 
new varieties of local origin. 

From. our collection of Plums, not yet proved, we have much to an- 
ticipate; wc earnestly hope to find among them fruits not only of great 
beauty and delicious flavour, but free from those fatal diseases which 
now disfigure and destroy the finest trees of this species. 

Wc have ol>tained fewer additions to the catalogue of Cherries than 
to that of any other fruit ; partly because the season for them is so short, 
that a few varieties sufiice for tiic interval from the first to the latest 
ripening ; and because we already j)ossessed a few fine sorts, which 
neither in their growth nor fruit partook in the smallest degree of the de- 
generacy of the old |)ears, and some other species; but principally, ut 
least this was our own case, from the difficulty of protecting them from 
the birds. The last season we had but lew perfect specimens, except 
the Bigarrcau. Wc expected to jirovc and bring into notice many new 
and valuable sorts, and our disappointment may be imagined at finding 
ourselves in every instance anticipated by these innocent depredators, 
b'uch has been the securiiy'they have felt in our grounds, and so great 
their increase, that not only Cherries, Gooseberries and Currants, but 
Apples, Pears and Plums have shared in their ravages, and given proof 
of their good taste, which invariably leads them to the finest fruit; and 
it may liecome a matter for serious consideration, whether in continuing 
our protection to them, wc do not risk tiie total loss ol' some of the most 
<lesirable appendages to the dessert. 

It will be observed, that but few Peaches are included among our 
descriptions. We had collected from Europe nwiiyfine vaiieties, and 
from New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, a very large number 
of the most celebrated in those States, where the climate is so t'avoura- 
ble to Ihcir cullivalion -, these trees were planted out as specimens, and 
tor many years produced an abundar.ce of lU'litious fruit ; but they iiave 



DESULTORY REMARKS. V 

"Sill, even the young trees from which we had liopecl a future sujiply, 
fallen victims to the severity of our winters, and the recent short and un- 
propitious summers ; and we believe the destruction has extended over 
the whole of New England. We still trust, however, upon hardy stocks, 
and with the influence of more genial suns, to be able at some future 
time to e.xhibit a larger number of specimens than we have ever yet 
done, of this fruit, the most e,\quisite product of the temperate regions. 

As a source of income, it is believed that no pursuit could more safe- 
ly be relied upon than the cultivation of fruit for the markets of the prin- 
cipal cities of the United States. Many fearful predictions have been 
uttered by those over prudent people who foresee loss and disappoint- 
ment in every undertaking 5 but still we find the demand for this luxury 
increasing, while the prices obtained for the finest sorts have not dimin- 
ished, but rather advanced. It is true that the taste of the public has 
grown fastidious, but to provide for this the grower has only to become 
more scrupulously nice in his choice of varieties, of which the difierent 
Horticultural societies have made known a multitude sufliciently e.vccl- 
lenl to gratify the most refirred palate. 

Owners of land wquld find it for their interest to raise, in orchards, on 
an extended scale, the finest large winter baking pears, either for the 
supply of our own markets, or for exportation to the South, where they 
meet a ready sale at a price which will amply repay the cost and trouble 
of cultivation. 

We well remember the discouraging advice that we frequently receivetl 
at the beginning of our course as a cultivator. We were too old, it was 
said, to expect to reap, in our own person, the fruits of our labours ; 
yet in spite of these and man}- other prophecies of the same nature, wc 
persevered, and have not only had the satisfaction of raising a great va- 
riety and .ibundance of fine fruit, but of producing, from the seed, the 
Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum, Cherr}', Nectarirre and Currant. At one 
time we planted a peck of the Siberian Crab Apple, and part of the 
plants iiemg suffered to bear, the countless varieties in the size, shape, 
and colour of the fruit were well worth}' the attention of the curious ; we 
believe not one specimen of all that we noticed precisely resembled that 
from which it originated. At another time wc collected in the market at 
Hoston, a large quantity of peach-stones ; these were plairted in close 
rows in poor land, which caused many of them to bear the fourth year. 
We tasted of the fruit from more Iharr six hundred trees} they wereofcvery 



10 hf.sultoky r,KMAr>KS. 

degree of nictil ; sonic of high excellence, so vakiable that we regrcUcd 
tlicy sliould share the falc ol our whole collection of peaches, which, as 
we before observed, were destroyed by the late unfavorable seasons. 

We menlion these seminal proiiiictions only to show that our labours 
meet a speedy reward, and Ihat a person is seldom so advanced in life 
that he may not reasonably look for both requital and gratification in so 
laudalile a pursuit. But to a young man with the advantages of fortune 
and a familiarity with the modern languages, researches of this nature 
would open an incxhauslible source of enjoyment. He could scarcely 
be more honorably and usefully occupied than in collecting and identify- 
ing fruits, and introducing them to the notice of his countrymen; nor 
licttcr rewarded than in witnessing his anticipations, from year to year, 
continually realized and continually renewcil. The same ardour which 
characterises the colleelors of shells, birds and insects, would ])roduce, 
in Uorticullure, far more tielighlful and more noble results. 

A division of the pursuit, so that the attention of one person could be 
exclusively directed to one species of fruit, would probably greatly fa- 
cilitate the progress of investigation, and lead to many satisfactory con- 
clusions respecting the varieties most worlh\' of cultivation. If France 
lias produced her Duhainel, IJelgium her Van Mor.s, and England her 
'I'hompson, is it unreasoiiable to seek among gentlemen of leisure and 
education in the I'nited Slates, for one, who following in the foolsteiJS of 
these illustrious men, wiili the advantage of the light derived from their 
researches, shall compensate for the long delay of the cx|ierimcntal gar- 
den, jiiomiscd iiy our own Horticultural tfocielj'. 

In speaking as we have, of llie annoyances sustained from birds, we 
are still fully persuailed that these plunderers, as ihoy are sometimes 
ealli:d, more than compensate for their occasional inroads U|)on our or- 
chards by their services in the spring, and also during their inculiation, 
ill destroying insects. We too ofien, jierhaps, notice the former.-while 
the laticr are remote, or not obtrusive. 

In early spring and during the breeding season, we see them every 
ii;inuie of ilie day in conliiiual jirogress, flying from the nest for a sup- 
pi v, and reluming on rapid uiiig with a grub, a callerpillar, or a small 
repiile. 'I'hc numbers caplnred by lliem in the course of these travels 
aie incredibly numcious, keeping under the increase of these races. \Vc 
liave seen the Ampclis, or Cherry l>inl, lliat remarkably silent and dove- 



DESULTOnV REr.IARKS. 11 

like species, in great numbers early in llie spring, and also during tiic 
time of nidificalion upon our apple trees, when the canker worm was 
about half grown, destroying them in great numbers. It is also known 
to every observer of nature how extremely fond our common and famil- 
iar robin is of grubs, those insidious enemies to our garden crops, as 
well as the slimy slug which often infest our young pear trees ; and any 
individual who may have had the robin as a cage bird, is aware of 
the quantities of insects, or worms, he will devour in adaj'; and when 
we take into view the circumstance of these birds having usually two 
broods in a season of four each, it will give us at least some idea of the 
quantity of this peculiar food required for at least four months in each 
year. And although called plunderers, they are in fact benefactors like- 
wise, seeming to be appointed by nature as agents for keeping under tiie 
increase of these races. iVearly all our hard-billed or granivorous 
birds, are in spring and the early part of our summer decidedly insec- 
tivorous. " Public economy and utility," says one, "no less than hu- 
manity, plead for the protection of the feathered race ; and the wanton 
destruction of birds, so useful, beautiful, and amusing, if not treated as 
such by law, ought to be considered as a crime by every moral, feeling, 
and reflecting mind." 



SIOOM i^r I'RllTS. 



I; OO'J . MA N U R K 5 . 

Tun root bcirij^ ihc commencemont and 
foiiridatiori of Trees, its office is to collect and 
apply the food which forms and determines its 
f^rovvtli ; iieiice if the roots grow luxuriantly, 
ihe branches will also, — and the reverse. " It 
often happens," says Miller, "that the roots of 
trees are buried too deep in the j^round, wliich 
in a cold or moist soil is one of the ifreatest dis- 
advantages that can attend Fruits; — for the 
sap in the branches being by the warmth of 
the air put strongly into motion early in the 
spring, is exhausted in nourishing the blos- 
soms, and a part of it is perspired through the 
wood branches, so that its strength is lost be- 
fore the warmth can reach the shoots to put 
them into an equal motion in search of fresh 
nourishment, to supply the expenses of the 
branches, for want of which tlie blossoms faU > 

B 



]4 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

off and decay." IMost trees will thrive if tliej 
have two feet in depth of good earth, espe- 
cially w hen their roots spread near- the siir- 
fiicc ; for whether that which supplies food for 
the Tree ho a black, jellow or brown loam, it 
can only be furnished within a cintain depth 
from the surface, or within the influence of 
the sun and air. Large roots, running deep 
and spreading wide, may be necessary to pro- 
duce large Timber Trees, but not Fruit Trees, 
for these are more proliiic w hen their roots arc 
much di\ided or fibrous, and kept near the 
surface of the soil. AVith regard to the man- 
ure for Fruit Trees, Bradley, IJitt and Miller, 
"consider the food of plants to be salts, which 
every species of earth contains within itself, 
and that according to the proportion of salts 
contained in each kind of soil or manure, will 
its prolificacy be." We are of opinion from 
the use which we have made of the sea marl 
or muscle bc^d, that it is on the whole the best 
manure, either for top dressing or shallow 
ploughing, of any substance in use among us, 
particularly wdien applied to light soils, ft is 
said by some, that salt is valuable only as a 
chemical agent, by destroying and hastening 



B-OOK OF FRUITS, 16 

the decomposition of animal and vegetable 
substances, and hy its deliquescence in many 
instances increasing tiie fertility of soils. It is 
undoubtedly true, as said by Sir Humphrey 
Davy, that the great object in the application 
of manures should be, "to make it afford as 
much soluble matter as possible to the roots of 
the plant, and that in a slow and gradual man- 
ner, so that it may be entirely consumed in 
forming its sap and organized parts." Vege- 
table manures in general contain fibrous and 
insoluble matter, which must, says the same 
writer, "undergo chemical changes before they 
become the food of plants." 

If the situation or soil in which Fruit Trees 
arc placed, retains stagnant water, destructive 
to their healthy growth, drains must l)e made 
to carry it off, or means taken to prevent the 
roots from running into it. 

PRUiNlNG. 

It is rather difficult to give upon paper very 
explicit directions in this department of cul- 
ture, as many varieties of Fruit Trees re([uire 
different management : Peaches, cherries, and 
plums are always in the greatest vigor when 



1G BOOK OF FRUITS. 

ihej are the least maimed by the knife, for 
when these trees have Large amputations, they 
are very subject to gum, and decay ; so that 
it is certainly the most prudent method care- 
fully to rub off all useless buds, w-hen thev 
are first produced,, and pinch othere where 
new shoots are wanted to supply vacancies. 
Fruit Trees in this latitude should not be 
pruned in the Fall or Winter, or before the 
sap is in motion, as they are at those times 
exceedingly apt to crack or canker. The 
proper season for jiruning we consider, is im- 
mediately upon the swelling of the buds, or 
expanding of the leaves, as at this time the 
sap being in vigorous motion, the wounds soon 
heal over. Every limb should be cut close to 
th(^ main stem, and if sawed off, should be 
then finished smoothly with a sharj) knife. If 
the limb is large, a composition of red ochre 
and tar should be spread upon the end to keep 
out moisture, &;c., or the composition here- 
after named. From the stronir and vigorous 
growth of Fruit Trees in our country, close 
pruning is less necessary here than in England, 
from whence we have derived most of our in- 
structions ; excessive pruning with us is apt 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 17 

'{0 generate suckers from the limbs. Judicious 
pruning, however, will promote health and 
early fruitfulness. Trees differing, as they 
do in form, require very different treat- 
ment in pruning, Coxe, of New Jersey, says, 
*• those who can conveniently do it will find a 
!)enefit from forming the heads of their trees 
in the Nursery, the y«ar before they remove 
them — when transplanted, they will thrive 
more rapidly from not having been pruned at 
the time of removal." 

Every limb which crosses another should be 
taken off. In pruning apple and pear trees, 
the external branches should be every where 
rendered thin and pervious to the sun, 

TRANSPLAi\Tli\G. 

In the removal of trees, care is necessary to 
obtain as much of the roots as possible, and in 
re-setting, that none arc doubled back and dis- 
torted. Cutting off smootldy the end of each 
root that may be broken or cut by the spade, 
is indispensable, and all fibrous roots that are 
injured should also be cut close to the root 
upon which they are attached ; the root or 
stem should be pressed close down on the 



18 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

soil, SO as to place the roots in a horizontal 
direction, and all of" them drawn out straight 
like a fan, or rays verging from a centre to a 
semicircle, and the soil thrown evenly over ; 
the tree should not be shaken after the earth 
is ])laced npon the roots, as is too generally 
j)ractiscd ; for when a tree is thus raised up, 
the small roots or fibres will be drawn out of 
their ])1aces, and when the stem is thrust down 
a£:ain, the roots beinii too weak to force their 
way back into the soil, will he doubled up, 
which often causes knobs, and throws out 
suckers ; neither will the earth require to be 
trodden down hard^ but gently; or if it be a 
dry or loose loamy soil, setting in y>uddle, 
w\\\iA\ is to water as you set it : — this 
List uK^thod is undoul)tedly the best, when 
an individual has time to attend to it, — it is 
a slower process, ('opious watering ajter a 
tree is set, is often very prejudicial, by wash- 
ing the soil from the roots. 

Fruit Trees should rarely be ])laced deeper 
in the ground than they originally stood in the 
Nursery. Pear trees bear their fruit on short 
buds, or spurs of one, two, three or more years 
irrou th, from the strongest branches ; and the 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 19 

same spurs will continue to produce fruit for 
a great length of time ; but thej do not often 
produce fruit until they have a surface of 
l)ranches very large in proportion to the sa]) 
supplied by the roots. Thus we find that 
when pear trees arc planted in a deep, rich 
soil, they grow rapidly, and therefore require 
a number of years to bring them to a bearing 
state ; on the contrary, when growing in a 
light or dry shallow soil, they collect but a 
small quantity of sap, and require but a confin- 
ed surlace ^vhich is produced in a short time, 
and they arc consequently brought to a bear- 
ing state in a few years. AVherever canker 
or gum appears, the decayed or infected part 
must be cut entirely out, and some soot mois- 
tened and rubbed over the wound, or the com- 
position hereafter named. This will generally 
jnevent its spreading further, and save the 
branch. 

With regard to what is called Fire-hlli^Jit^ 
which occasionally effects the pear tree, during 
the months of June and July, causing the 
branch to turn black and its leaves to wither, 
and which may sometimes be caused by forcing 
or high manuring, or to the duration of the vari- 



20 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

vXy (as natural trees arc schlom if ever attack- 
ed by it) we know of no better course than 
that wliicli we should pursue in the case of 
the black warts, or excresences upon the 
plum, which is, to cut off at once tlie Jiml) 
just below the affected part. 

If trees arc found to grow too luxuriantly, 
and to form only wood for years, even afte 
they are of sufficient size and age for the pro- 
duction of fruit, the earth sliouid be removed, 
Just before the frost sets in, and a propor- 
tion of the deepest growing roots cut off, thus 
checking its luMiriousncss, and rendering it 
more fruitfuL Tiiis {piestion is often asked, 
which is the best season for removing trees. 
Spring or Fall r llorticulturalists arc about 
equally divided, seme preferring one and some 
the other. A\e tliink in ordinary seasons, pro- 
vided it can be done early, that Spring is pref- 
erable, particularly for stone fruit and j^ears up- 
on quinces. Lindly, a popular English writer, 
says that " Trees cannot be removed from the 
Nursery too soon after the wood has become 
ripe, and the leaves fallen off; for between 
this time and tlie Winter many of them will 
make fresh roots, and be prepared to push 
forth their young shoots with much more vig- 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 21 

or in the Spring." This will not apply to 
New Enghmd ; cold weather sets in too early 
after the fall of the leaf for this ever to take 
place, and we think it extremely doubtful that 
this can ever occur in the climate of England. 
The impression that fibres will form in the 
Autumn from newly set trees is common, but 
we have never witnessed it. The following 
experiments in Spring and Fall planting have 
been made at our Nurseries, viz : We receiv- 
ed from Albany in November, 1836, two hun- 
dred pear trees, grafted on free stocks, which 
were immediately set out ; and on the follow- 
ing night the ground was completely frozen. 
They all, with the exception of ten, leaved out 
the following Summer. 

In March of the next year, 1837, we re- 
ceived from France the same number of pears 
grafted upon quinces. When they arrived at 
Boston, the frost prevented our setting tiicm, 
and they were immediately taken to Newton, 
and placed in Mr Kenrick's Moss House. In 
the course of three or four weeks they were 
received at our grounds in North Salem, and 
set out. We lost but eiirht of these trees ; six 
of them bore fruit the same season. 



22 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

DISEASES — INJUUIOL'3 INSECTS, &:C. 

The iiijui'us and dis(\!scs lo w hic!i f'suit tn^os 
are subject, arc oi'teu difHrult to be accounted 
for, and the various methods devised for tlieir 
correction so abundant, that tlie s])aec allotted 
in this small treatise will allow us to select 
l)ut a fvAv of those "which we think on the 
^^ hole best. 

The following remedy is found to be the 
most effective in preventing further decay, and 
restoring a healthy vegetation, answering a 
double jRirpose, being also an excellent graft- 
ing com])osition. It is given thus : — 

Tr.ke one pound of j)itch, one ]>ound of 
rosin, half jiound bees\'\ ax, quarter j)ound lard, 
(juarter pound (urjientine, melted and mixed ; 
s};read evenly and ihin, with a brush upon soft 
kentish cap paper or strips of cotton clolh. 
This com])ound will resist the force of washing 
rains, frost, drying winds, and the influence of 
a changtuible atmos])here. 

Now pre])arc the tree ]>roperly for its a])})li- 
cation, by cutting auay all the dead, decayed, 
and injured })arts, till you come to sound 
Nvoodj leaving the surface verv smooth, and 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 2-} 

rounding off the edges of the bark with a 
sliarp drawing knife ; then lav the phister over 
the part cut away. In hollows of trees, you 
must scoop out all the rotten, loose, and dead 
parts, till jou come to the sound ^^ood, and 
then apply the composition as above. With 
regard to the destruction of blighting insects, 
the practice of burning weeds, wet straw, hay, 
&;c. to the windward of trees, particularly 
when sulphur is added, is probably as good a 
method as can be adopted. Wood ashes 
sprinkled upon the leaves of pear trees, infest- 
ed by the slimy slug, particularly if it is done 
during wet and drizzly weather, wo have 
found very effective in destroying them. The 
canker which destroys many of our fruit trees, 
is said by Scotch gardeners, to be owing to a 
stintiness that takes place in the trees from a 
bad sub-soil. With regard to the insects that 
infest trees, we consider the burer the most 
destructive. The Philadelphia Horticultural 
Society awarded to a Mr Snyder, the premi- 
um for the best assortment of fruits exhibited 
at their show. This man had been in the 
habit of placing ashes of anthracite coal about 
the roots of his fruit trees, and to this circum- 



24 BOCK OF FRUITS. 

Stance he attributed their preservation from 
the attacks of insects. We know not, howev- 
er, a more effectual way of destroying this in- 
sidious insect, than by cutting them out. 

GRAFTING. 

Grafting is the taking of a shoot from one 
tree and inserting it into another, in such a 
manner, that both may unite closely and be- 
come one tree. These shoots are called sci- 
ons or grafts, and in the choice of them we 
observe the following directions. 1st. That 
they are shoots of the former year. 2d. Al- 
ways cut them from healthy, fruitful trees. 
3d. Those are preferable which are taken 
from the lateral or horizontal, rather than from 
the strong perpendicular shoots. 

Grafts may be cut from the trees before the 
buds begin to swell, in February or March, or 
late in the Fall. They should be buried halt 
their length in the ground, or in a cool and 
dry cellar. The season for grafting must be 
regulated by the weather, which is so un- 
certain in our climate, that we think it better 
to defer the operation till the circulation of the 
sap is brisk, and the buds of the stocks are 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 25 

putting forth their leaves. In a long contin- 
uance of dry wcatlier, grafts frequently fail of 
taking. This operation is generally more suc- 
cessful, if performed in a moist or cloudy day. 
Among the various methods of engrafting, 
the following we consider as successful as any 
described, viz : cleft or slit-grafting. It is 
performed on stocks from one to two inches 
in diameter. The head of the stock being 
carefully cut off in a sloping direction, a per- 
pendicular cleft or slit is to be made, about 
two inches deep towards the back of the 
slope, into which a wedge is to be driven, in 
order to keep it open for the admission of the 
scion ; the latter must now be cut in a per- 
pendicular direction, and in the form of a 
wedge, so as to fit the incision in the stock, 
in such a manner that the inner bark of both 
the stock and scion may meet exactly. It is 
then covered over with grafting clay, compos- 
ed of half cow-dung, free from litter, and fresh 
loam well incorporated, or the following com- 
position, which is made of equal parts of rosin, 
beeswax and tallow, or lard, melted and spread 
upon strips of brow^n paper or cloth. We 
have practised grafting under the bark in 
Spring, in the manner of budding with good 
c 



26 ROOK OF FRUITS. 

success, applying in everj case the composi- 
tion in preference to the claj, 

BUDDIING, &LC. 

Inoculation or budding, is commonly prac- 
tised upon stone fruits, such as peaches, cher- 
ries, plums, &:c., and we think it preferable to^ 
grafting for nearly all kinds of fruit. 

The object in budding is the same as in 
grafting, and depends on the same principle ; 
all the difference between a bud and a scion 
being, that a bud is a shoot or scion in embryo. 
When grafting has been omitted, or has failed 
in Spring, budding comes in as an auxiliary 
in Summer. The season for budding is from 
the beginning of July to the middle of Au- 
gust, the criterion being the formation of buds- 
in the axil he of the leaf of the present year.. 
The best buds are those on the middle of a 
young shoot, not those at the lower end ; stocks 
for budding may in general be much smaller 
than for grafting, as the operation may be per- 
formed on the same year's shoot. The French 
enumerate twenty-three varieties of budding ; 
but the variety in general use with us is the 
following, called shield or T budding. It is 
thus performed : Select a smooth j)Lirt of the 
stock, rather from, than towards, the sun ; 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 27 

ilien with the budding-knife make a horizon- 
tal cut across the bark, quite through to the 
iirm wood ; from the middle of this transverse 
cut, make a slit downward, an inch or more 
long, going also quite through to the wood. 
This done, proceed to cut out from the scion 
the bud, cutting ncarlj- halfway into the wood, 
then w ith th(5 thumb nail or point of the knife 
take out the wood, observing that the eye or 
germ of the bud remains perfect ; if not, and 
a litde hole appears in that part, it is imper- 
fect, or as gardeners express it, the bud has lost 
its root and another must be prepared. Many 
gardeners do not take out the wood, consider- 
ing it unnecessary, but insert the bud with 
the wood attached. With regard to the fu- 
ture treatment, see the article on the cultiva- 
tion of the Pear. 

x\PPLES. 

With regard to the transplanting, pruning, 
&c. of Apple Trees, the directions hereafter 
given in the article "Cultivation of the Pear," 
will generally apply to this fruit. 

CULTIVATION OF THE PEAR. 

Pears are propagated by grafting in the 
Spring, or budding late in Summer, either 



28 BOOK or FRUITS. 

U]X)n the common pear stock, or upon the 
quince. The pear-stock is undoubtedly the 
best for those intended for open standards or 
orcliard planting, but the quince stocks (which 
have lor a long time been used by the French 
lor dwarfs or half-standards) occupy but lit- 
tle space in a garden, are productive, and 
the fruit they produce is frequently of a larg- 
er size than the same grown on pear stocks. 
Dubreiul recommends the quince stock lor 
clayey and light soils, and the free stock pear, 
for chalky and silecions soils. Grafting or 
budding pears upon the white thorn is some- 
times practised with success. The quince 
stock should be budded at or hduw the sur- 
face of tlie ground, when the bark will sepa- 
rate cntircJij from the wood, \\luch in this lat- 
itude takes }>l:u'e about the lastof July or early 
in August. 

The following Spring, when ihe bud com- 
mences pushing, cut tiic stock off to within 
three inches of the bud, and in the next seas- 
on finish or cut off the snng smoothly to the 
bud or shoot. In the third season, wiien the 
trees are removed to the situation in which 
thev are to remain for fruitino;, be careful to 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 



29 



re-set them at least one inch helow the inser- 
tion of the bud, as shown in the following cut 
of a trained tree. 




This cut of a dwarf tree is placed to show tlie position of the quince 
stock, when grafted or budded with tlie pear one inch below tlie surface of 
the soil. 



30 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

Setting tlie stock one inch below the bud 
or scion, will preserve it from the cold in 
Winter and the insidious borer in Spring. In 
order to produce fruit early, the side shoots or 
spurs should be suffered to remain upon the 
whole extent of the tree, as thej will then 
generally form fruit buds upon each spur. 
These trees are admirably adapted for small 
gardens, occupying but little space, less ex- 
posed to high winds, affording greater security 
to heavy fruit. One of our best new Euro- 
pean Pears, the "Duchess of Angouleme," 
when grov»'n as a dwarf j)roduces a fine large 
fruit, l)ut small and greatly inferior when 
grown upon a standard. " When pears are 
grafted or budded on the wild species, apples 
upon crabs, and peaches upon peaches, the scion 
is, in regard to fertility, exactly in the same state 
as if it had not been grafted at all ; while on 
the other hand, a great increase of fertility is 
the result of grafting pears upon quinces, 
peaches upon plums, apples upon the thorn, 
and the like. In these cases the food absorb- 
ed from the earth by the root of the stock is 
communicated slowly to the scion." No other 
influence have we ever noticed exercised by 
the scion upon the stock. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 



PEACHES. 



All the varieties of peaches are generally 
coiithiLied by budding, and new ones obtain- 
ed by planting the stones, which should be 
done as soon after they are separated from 
the pulp as possible. The plum is a good 
stock to engraft this fruit upon, particularly 
if wanted for dwarfs or trained to espaliers. 
Among the casualties to which these trees are 
subject, the worm, or grub, as we call it, 
is the most destructive. Its attacks ordinari- 
ly begin in the stem, near the surface of the 
earth ; and if not arrested, will soon reach 
the root, causing gum to exude from the 
wound. The following are some of the rem- 
edies resorted to for their destruction. 1st. 
The application of boiling water to the roots : 
2d. A similar application of unslacked lime, 
about one quart to a tree of ordinary size. 3d. 
Removing the surface of the soil and substi- 
tuting tanner's bark. Removing the earth in 
the month of November and exposing tho 
roots to the action of frost during the Winter, 
as has been sometimes done, we should not 
recommend, as it would often prove fatal to 



32 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

the tree. In tlie state of New Jersey, where 
this fruit is raised in great quantities, they 
adopt the following practice to destroy this in- 
sect. In the Spring, when the blossoms are 
out, they clear away the soil, so as to expose 
the root of the tree, to the depth of three 
inches ; then surround it witli straw about 
three feet long, applied lengthwise, so that it 
may have a covering one inch thick, which 
extends to the bottom of the hole, the butt- 
{;nds of the straw resting on the ground at the 
bottom; binding this round the tree with three 
])ands, one near the top, one at the middle, and 
the third at the surface of the earth ; they then 
fill up the hole at the root with earth, and press 
it closely round the straw. By this process it 
is said that the i]y is prevented from depositing 
its egg within three feet of the root ; and al- 
though it may place the egg above that dis- 
tance, the worm travels so slow that it cannot 
reach the ground before frost, and therefore is 
killed before it is able to injure the tree. For 
Budding, &c. see the article under tiiat head. 

PLUMS. 

The plum tree flourishes best in a rich, 
sandy loam, neither too dry nor too moist. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 33 

A cold, wet, clayey soil, or a dry sandy situ- 
ation is not considered so lavorahle. They 
thrive best ia our neighborhood near the bor- 
ders of the sea, which we think is owing to 
their being in such situations not so sui)ject to 
the insect called Curculio, vvhich periorates 
and destroys the fruil; these insects are not 
so abundant here as in the vicinity of Bos- 
ton ; they are said to avoid the salt air. 

Salem, which may almost be called a pen- 
insula, being nearly surrounded by the sea^ 
has been for many years known to produce 
annually more fruit of this kind than any 
other city or town in the State. Plum trees 
are also liable to be attacked by an insect 
\vhich causes large black bundles or warts to 
be formed on the limbs, but as there are sev- 
eral varieties which are said to be exempted 
from this disease, we hope to find among up- 
wards of one hundred kinds we have receiv- 
ed Irom different sources, a desirable variety 
which may be always free from this destruc- 
tive insect, and which we may describe here- 
after. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 



CHERRIES. 



Cherries, like stone fruit in genera], are 
usually produeecl by budding, seldom by graft- 
ing ; if by the latter process, we think it should 
be done early in the Spring, particularly if by 
split, grafting. Grafting under the bark can 
be done later and with more certainty of tak- 
ing. Budding in July or August, we should 
decidedly prefer. With regard to this fruit, 
as is the case with strawberries, various opin- 
ions exist as to the most desirable sorts for 
culture. The black Tartarian and the Grid- 
ley Bigarreau or apj)Ie cherry, are highly 
prized as Black Hearts. The white Bigar- 
reau and the Napoleon as \\hite hearts, are 
probably as productive, and desirable, as any 
we ])ave as yet seen. 



CURRANT AND GOOSEBERRY. 

These are easily raised from cuttings, j)ro- 
vided you have moist soil, by putting them 
into the ground immediately upon the falling 
of the leaf, when the shoots of the Summer 
are ^\t11 ripened, or very early in the follow- 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 35 

ing Spring; the part inserted into the ground 
should be cut across a bud, and then set from 
three to five inches deep, according to the na- 
ture of the soil and situation, being careful to 
rub off all the buds below the surface ; they 
should not be suffered to push near the ground, 
but as buds appear they must also be taken 
off, training them as dwarfs or half standards. 
Both currants and gooseberries bear their 
fruit on the last year's shoots, and on sliort 
natural studs or spurs. The gooseberry will 
continue to bear on the same buds or spurs 
for many years, particularly if the branches 
are kept open and free for the admission of 
the sun and air. To have large and fine fruit 
from the currant and gooseberry, they should 
be trained to resemble a well formed tree in 
miniature ; the ground near the bushes should 
be well manured, particularly the last named 
fruit. The gooseberry requires a rich loam, 
free from weeds. Early in the Spring, spade 
carefully around the roots, turning the soil 
well over ; prune them by cutting out every 
worn out, decayed or irregular branch ; let 
none be permitted to grow across each other ; 
cut out all the superabundant, lateral shoots 



36 BOOK OF niUITS. 

of t!)c last siinimrr, on i\w old wood nenr the 
p^rouml, Oil!}" ictainiiig hero and t'r.erc one in 
vacant j)arts, to ibrni successiona! I)earers, and 
to supply tho places of unfruitrul l)r;nichcs. 
Cossciicrrics arc liable to mildew, if placed 
in a confined situation^ ihey want a Iree, 
o])en exposure. 

The varieties of this fruit -.nv very exten- 
sive, and of various colors, white, gioen, } cl- 
low, red, and dirk purp!(\ They differ much 
in (|ualitv ; some of tiie Iarii,est fruited kinds 
havinii; a thick skin, are (it only for cookinj^', 
while others are fnu; for the table. In sclect- 
inu" from the cataloiiues, \\\) siiould send for 
thos(;, without regdrd to names, uhich have 
been tested by the nursery-man, and proved 
to be the l)est llavored. 

(HIAPE. 

The ripening of foreign grapes in the open 
air, in the climate of New England, is very 
uncertain; and the necessity of covering (hem 
in Winter will undoubtedly j)revent their gen- 
eral culture. The editor of the Magazine of 
Horticulture, Mr. Hovey, justly says, " that 
the cultivation of foreign grapes in the open 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 37 

air, must, we think, except in cities, be gen- 
erally given up. For three or four years past 
scarcely a crop has ripened." Among the 
varieties of native grapes, we should not 
recommend the Catawba, although consider- 
ed by Mr. Adhim, " to be worth all others as 
j ci wine grape ;" still its lateness is a great ob- 
jection, it never having ripened with us. We 
should decidedly prefer the Isabella. This 
line native grape was introduced into New 
York about sixteen years since, by Mrs. Isa- 
bella Gibbs, from South Carolina, and was 
named Isabella by William Prince, Esq., of 
Flushing, L. I. The vine is extraordina- 
ry for the vigor of its growth and great 
productiveness. A single vine, in 1820, 
produced eight bushels. It is a late fruit, 
and in a shady situation or upon an open 
trellis rarely if ever ripens its berries. It should 
be trained to a wall, fence, or out-building, 
where it can receive the sun's rays jiearly the 
whole day, at least from its rising till three in 
the afternoon. This vine w^ants no protec- 
tion in Winter, and the best season for prun- 
ing, we consider early in April. They may 
be increased by layers or cuttings. 

D 



38 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

AltliOLigh grape vines arc generally pruned 
ill the Fall, which may be the best season for 
the foreign grape, we still, from our own ex- 
perience with the Isabella, decidedly prefer the 
Spring for this variety. Pruning vines in the 
Spring is often objected to from fear of their 
bleeding. This, however, rarely takes place, pro- 
vided it is performed early in April, and the sec- 
tion which is laid bare be presented to the sun's 
rays, which will almost invariably close up 
the sap vessels; they should, therefore, be cut 
from the ontsidc, inward, in an oblique direc- 
tion. 

RASPBERRIES, 

The white and red Antwerp are the two most 
<!esirable sorts for cultivation ; they should 
never be grown together in masses ; as the 
red, being more inclined to wood, will event- 
ually choke or injure the growth of the white. 
The time to plant young sucker shoots, of last 
sunniier, is early in Spring ; choose them 
strong, about three or four feet growth, de- 
tached with good roots, and prune the weak 
loj) part ; plant them in rows four feet and a 
iialf or five feet asunder by three feet, in the 
rows ; prune old plantations, cutting out the 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 39 

dead stems, or the last Summer's bearers, yb///{e 
same shoots or stems never bear but once, be- 
ing succeeded by young ones produced from 
the root every summer, which become barren 
next year, and perish the following Winter, 
and should now be cut out as above, close to 
the ground ; and then thin the young shoots 
to three, four, or five of the strongest on each 
stock, and prune them at the top. A cultivator 
near Boston says — " The Raspberry should 
always be cut about five feet high ; it increas- 
es the quantity and size of the fruit, as well 
as encourages the growth of the suckers, for 
the following year. It should, however, not 
be done until all chance of severe frost is over; 
yet before the buds shoot, the stems ought af- 
terwards to be lightly tied together at the top, 
or to stakes placed in the ground." 

STRAWBERRY. 

There are several varieties of this most de- 
licious fruit, and many opinions relative to the 
best flavored and most prolific sort. At Al- 
bany they commend the Methven Castle as 
the most profitable and productive ; at Rox- 
bury the royal scarlet and pine apple. A cuK 



40 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

tivator at Dorchester liiglily approves of the 
early Virginia scarlet, which last is probably 
as productive as any for general culture. The 
Downton Red Alpine, (without runners,) and 
Keen's Seedling, are also desirable varieties. 

Propagation. — With the exception of the 
bush Alpine, which is only increased by di- 
visions of the root, all the varieties multiply 
spontaneously every season, by numerous run- 
ners from the parent plant, which, rooting and 
forming a plant at every joint, only require, 
for the production of fruit in abundance, re- 
moval to a bed where they may have room to 
llourish. Such plants Vvill bear the Summer 
succeeding the planting, and in the second 
year will be in full perfection. The best way 
is to supply a new plantation, with j)lants 
Vvhich have been taken i'rom runners and set 
out in nursery beds the previous season. But 
where such cannot be had, those of the pres- 
ent season will answer. 

Soil and situation. — Strawberries will grow 
and produce fruit on almost any soil of mode- 
rate fertility; but they arc most productive on 
a deep rich loam. They should be in an open 
situation, exposed to the sun and air, and not 



ROOK OF FRUITS. 41 

under trees. The Alpine strawberries, how- 
ever, admit of being placed in a more shady 
situation, as it is during the hot and dry sea- 
son of the year that they are intended for 
bearing ; w^hich they will not do if allowed to 
suffer from drought ; few are willing to take 
the pains to water them as much as they 
would require. 

Traiisplantuig. — The best time for doing 
this is in the Spring ; but if performed with 
proper care, they succeed nearly or quite as 
well when transplanted early in Autumn, say 
in the early part of September. The ground 
should bo well manured and dug, a month be- 
fore transplanting. The chief care required 
when the work is done in Autumn, is to guard 
against the plants being thrown out by frost, 
which is best effected by treading the soil 
closely about the roots. 

Culture. — The distance of the plants asun- 
der, where the soil is rendered sujjlcienthj fer- 
tile, should be, for the larger varieties (such as 
Methven and Keen's seedling,) tw^enty inches 
from row to row and fifteen inches in the row : 
the smaller varieties may be a litde nearer to- 
gether. This distance may seem too great, 



42 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

but it is much better than crowding the plants 
too closely, which is the more common error. 
It is only by affording sufficient room for the 
plants to receive the benefit of sun, air, and 
of culture, that the fruit will ripen early, and 
acquire a good size and agreeable llavor. Keen, 
of Isleworth in England, a most successful 
cultivator of this fruit and who raised the cel- 
ebrated Keen's seedling, says, in speaking of 
the large distances he adopted in planting, — 
" these distances I fnid necessary, for the 
trusses of fruit in my garden ground are fre- 
quently a foot long.'''' The following is his 
method of culture, in his own words : " After 
the beds are planted, I always keep them as 
clear of weeds as possible, and on no account 
allow any crop to be planted between the 
ro\^ s. Upon the growing of the runners, I 
have them cut when necessary ; this is usually 
three times in each season. In Autumn I al- 
ways have the rows dug between ; for I find 
it refreshes the plants materially ; and I re- 
commend to those persons to whom it may be 
convenient, to scatter in the Spring, very light- 
ly, some loose straw^ or long dung between 
ihe row s. It serves to keep the ground moist, 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 43 

enriches the strawberry, and Ibrnis a clean 
bed for the trusses of fruit to lie on ; and thus 
by a litde extra trouble and cost, a more abun- 
dant crop may be obtained. A short time be- 
fore the fruit ripens, I always cut off the run- 
ners, to strengthen the root ; and after the 
fruit is gathered, I have what fresh runners 
have been made, taken off with a reaping-hook, 
together with the outside leaves around the 
main plant, after which I rake the beds, then 
hoe them, and rake them again. In the Au- 
tumn, unless the plants appear very strong, I 
have some dung dug in, between the rows, but 
if they are very luxuriant the dung is not re- 
quired ; for in some rich soils it would cause 
the plants to turn nearly all to leaf. I also 
have to remark, that the dung used for manure 
should not be too far spent ; fresh dung irom 
the stable door, is prefererable to spit-dung, 
which many persons are so fond of." 

In thus recommending a thorough metiiod 
of culture, we would by no means wish to 
discourage those who have not yet attempted 
raising this excellent fruit, and who think they 
cannot afford to adopt such culture, from at- 
tempting it altogether ; indeed if proper va- 



44 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

rieties are obtained, good crops may be had 
with little or no care after transplanting ; we 
have known beds almost untouched for years 
to yield plentifully. Nevertheless, we consid- 
er the cheapest method, ultimately, of raising 
this fruit, is by thorough culture ; that the 
greatest amount of fruit is obtained in this 
way for the care and labor expended, and that 
the quality is so much suj)erior to that obtain- 
ed from slight culture, as to give the former 
j)ractlce very decided advantages. When the 
beds have much diminished in their product, 
new j)lantations must be made to supply their 
])]ace. This generally takes place in four or 
five years. 

A grower of this fruit in New York subjoins 
iiis method of cultivating, tiius— " In the Fall, 
cover the l)eds sliglitly wit]\ straw, and burn 
ali down ; then dig in between the hills with 
a trowel or deep hoe, rake smooth, and re- 
})lace with a fresh dressing two inches thick, 
for winter protection, &c. The hills ought to 
be no more than twelve inches apart, and two 
ov three stems in a Isill. While the fruit is 
setting, water morning and evening, with a 
table spoonful of yalt to each pail oi' rain or 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 4>0 

river water ; if vrcll water, it should be ex- 
posed to the sua some time. A bed planted 
from any good variety in full bearing, ^^\\\, 
thus treated, always insure a good crop. Ear- 
ly in September is the best time to plant, 
choosing the first made runner plants, or some 
offsets for immediate bearing. The runners 
will come in, the second and third season." 



No. 1. Early Harvest. 

This is the earliest apple -worthy of culti- 
vation : the form is flat, of medium size ; the 
skin when perfectly ripe, is of a beautifully 
bright straw color; the flesh tender and spright- 
ly ; if gathered before they are fully ripe, it has 
too much acidity. The finest fruits are those 
which drop ripe from the tree ; the branches 
make very acute angles, by which it is readily 
distingiiished from most other trees in the 
orchard ; it bears young — ripe in July and 
AuiiTist. 



46 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

No. 2. Early Bough. 
Tliis is a large handsome apple, the form 
sometimes oblong-, the skin a pale yellow, of- 
ten with a bright red tinge, the flesh sweet 
and tender ; it is a good bearer, and deserves 
extensive cultivation. Ripe in August. 

No. 3. American Red Juneating. 
This apple is of medium size, oblong ; the 
skin is a beautiful red, slightly streaked and 
mixed with yellow ; the flesh is rich, spright- 
ly and good ; the tree is of upright growth ; 
it bears well and ripens in August. Although 
it bears the name of American Red Juneating, 
we have strong doubts of its having origina- 
ted in this country ; wo think it may be the 
striped Juneating of Ronald. 

No. 4. Summer Queen. 

A large oblong ap])le, striped with red on a 
}elIow ground ; the flesh is yellow, \ery high 
llavored, and excellent. The tree is of vigor- 
ous growth, a great bearer. Ripe in August. 

No. 5. Early Red Margaret. 
A middle sized apple ; the shape round, 
somewhat flat ; the skin a greenish yellow, 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 47 

Striped with dark red ; the flesh white, juicy, 
and agreeable ; it bears early and abundantly. 
Ripe the middle of August. 

No. 6. Summer Rose. 

A very beautiful and excellent fruit ; the 
size is moderate ; the form round ; the skin 
yellow, striped, and mottled with red ; the 
flesh is sweet, juicy, and fine. Ripe in Au- 
gust. A great bearer. 

No. 7. Summer Pearmain. 

This apple is of medium size, the form ob- 
long and very regular ; the skin a dark red, 
striped wdth a small proportion of yellow ,' the 
flesh very tender and good, juice not abun- 
dant. It is one of our finest Summer apples ; 
bears abundantly ; and ripens in August and 
September. 

No. 8. Ramhour cVete. 

This apple is of large size and flat form ; 
the skin light red, striped with yellow ; the 
flesh is firm, rich and sprightly ; the trees as- 
sume a spreading form of vigorous growth and 
great productiveness. Ripe in September, 



48 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

No. 9. Fall Harvey. 
TJiis is a large and handsome fruit, the 
shape flat with broad ribs extending from the 
sten) to the eye ; the skin sometimes a clear 
briglit yellow, but mostly a light yellow, occa- 
sionally with a bright red cheek ; the flesh 
yellow, firm, rich and high flavored ; it is 
much cuhivated in Essex county, Mass., where 
it may have originated. It is without ques- 
tion the finest Fall and early Winter apple. A 
good bearer, and deserving extensive cisltiva- 
tion. 

No. 10. Drap iVor. 
A large flat apple, of a bright, but pale yel- 
low color, covered all over with small black 
pips, (never with a red check;) the flesh is ten- 
der, very light and pleasant ; the growth of 
the tree is large and spreading ; it l)ears w^ell 
and should be found in every good collection. 
Ripe in September and October. This is the 
Drap d'or of Cox and Ronald, but not of Du- 
hameL 

No. 11. Hawthorndean. 

This fruit is of medium size ; of a flat 
and very regular form, and remarkably hand- 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 49 

some ; skin of a pale yellow, nearly white, 
with a brilliant red on the side exposed to the 
sun ; the flesh white, very juicy, but not high 
flavored. It bears very young and most abun- 
dantly every year ; it is one of the best mar- 
ket fruits in the fall "and early winter months. 

No. 12. Williams'' Favourite Red. 

This apple originated in Roxbury, Mass. : 
it is of medium size, oblong form ; the skin a 
bright and deep red ; the flavour pleasant and 
agreeable. It is a good bearer and a most 
beautiful fruit — ripening in August. 

No. 13. Benoni. 

This fine and beautiful apple Was introduc- 
ed to notice by E. M. Richards, Esq. of Ded- 
ham. It is of medium size, form round and 
regular ; the flesh yellow, high flavoured and 
excellent ; — it bears well ; ripens in July and 
August ; and should be found in every good 
collection. 

No. 14. Red Doctor Apple. 

A large and handsome fruit, of a flat form ; 
striped and clouded with red on a yellow 



■**■ 



50 BOOK or FRUITS. 

ground ; the flesh is tender, breaking and 
high flavoured. It bears well, and ripens from 
October to December. 

No. 15. B oxford. 

This apple was first cultivated in Boxford, 
Essex County, where it may have originated. 
The size is middling, form round, skin striped 
with red and yellow ; the flesh yellow, rich 
and good. Ripens in the fall months, and is 
thought to be a fine apple. 

No. 16. Red Astracan. 

This beautiful apple is of medium size, of a 
round and rather flat form ; the skin is dark 
red covered with a thick bloom like a plum ; 
the flesh is white, tender and good, some- 
what acid ; it keeps but a short time after 
being gathered, but the beauty of the fruit 
and its early and great bearing render it de- 
sirable in every collection, especially if intend- 
ed for the market. Rij)e in August. 

No. 17. Oslin. 

This apple is of medium size, the form flat 
and regular, the skin a bright yellow with 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 51 

some dark clouded spots ; the flesh firm, of a 
brisk and high flavour. It bears young and 
most abundandy, and ripens in September. 

No. 18. Kilham Hill. 

Originated on the farm of Doctor Kilham, 
in Wenham, Essex county, Mass. ; the size is 
sometimes large, the form round, a little oblong; 
the skin yellow, striped with red ; the flesh is 
yellow and high flavored, but soon becomes 
dry ; it bears young and constantly, and ripens 
from September to November. The tree is 
of a spreading but not regular form, and may 
be known by small warts or protuberances on 
the bark. 

No. 19. Ly scorn. 

This apple originated in Southborough, 
Mass. ; it is of medium size, rather oblong, 
and very regular ; the skin dull red with 
greenish yellow. The flesh is not high fla- 
vored, but of a peculiarly mild and agreeable 
taste. It bears well ; ripens in October, and 
will sometimes keep till January. 

No. 20. Porter. 
Originated on the farm of the Rev. Samuel 



Ol BOOK OF FRUITS, 

Porter, in Sherburne, Mass. The fruit is 
sometimes large, the shape oblong, pointed at 
the blossom end ; the skin of a bright yellow ; 
often with a blush of red on the sunny side ; 
the flesh fine, sprightly and agreeable. It 
bears well, ripens in September and October, 
and is a most beautiful fruit, either for the 
market or private garden. 

No. 21. Duchess of Oldenburg. 
A valuable and handsome apple, said to be 
of Russian origin. The size is middling, form 
round and rather flat ; skin of a beautiful yel- 
low, striped with red ; flavour very pleasant 
and good. It bears well, and ripens in Sep- 
tember and October, 

No. 22. Yellow Ligestrie. 

A beautiful apple, raised by Mr. Kuight, 
President of the London Horticultural Society. 
The size is small, form round and regular ; 
the skiii of a golden yellow, v/ith some black 
spots; the flesh yellow, firm and delicate. It 
is an abundant bearer, and ripens in October. 

No. 23. Red Ingestrie. 
This apple is of medium size, of a round 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 



63 



form ; the skin bright yellow, tinged and strip- 
ed with red on the side exposed to the sun ; 
the flesh very rich, high flavoured and juicy. 
It bears well and ripens in October. 

No. 24. Franklin Golden Pippen. 

This apple is supposed to be of American 
origin ; it is of middle size, the form oval and 
very regular; the skin of rather a dark yellow, 
without a blush, but sprinkled with dark col- 
ored specks ; the flesh yellow, tender and 
very agreeable to the taste. The tree grows 
well, is of an upright form, and the fruit is 
ripe in October and November. 

No. 25. Kerry Pippin. 

Fruit of medium size ; the form oblong, flat- 
tened at the eye and stalk ; the skin a bright 
yellow, striped and marbled with red ; the 
flesh tender and high flavored. This is a 
most beautiful variety ; it bears well; and rip- 
ens in September and October. 

No. 26. Gravenstein. 

Fruit large ; the form for the most part ob- 
long, sometimes flat ; the skin of a light yel- 



04f BOOK OF FRUITS. 

low, striped and beautifully mottled with red ; 
flesh very fine, with a brisk high flavoured juice. 
This is one of the most valuable apples, ripen- 
ing in October, and keeping good several 
months. The tree is of a strong and healthy 
growth and upright form. 

No. 27. Rlhstone Pippin. 

Fruit sometimes large, of a flat form ; the 
skin is a mixture of russet and yellow, with 
dull red on the side exposed to the sun ; the 
flesh very yellow and firm, with a sharp, rich 
flavour ; the tree is of a spreading but not very 
regular form ; it bears well, and ripens in the 
fall and early winter months. 

No. 28. Golden Russet, 
The origin of this apple is unknown ; it ap- 
pears to have been first cultivated in Essex 
County, Mass. ; the fruit is of medium size, 
round, rather oblong, and of a regular form ; 
the skin is a smooth yellow russet ; flesh re- 
markably tender, spicy and high flavoured. 
The tree is very uprigiit and handsome in its 
growth ; bears abundantly ; and is a valuable 
fruit, ripening in October, November and 
December. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 55 

No. 29. Blue Peannain. 

This fruit is large, the form round, the skin 
red, striped and mottled with darker red, and 
covered with a bloom like a plum ; the flesh 
mild and agreeable. This is a most excellent 
variety. Ripe in October, and keeping till 
February. 

No. 30. Red Quarenden. 

Fruit of medium size, of a flat form ; skin a 
very dark red ; flesh white, juicy and of a 
pleasant flavour. Ripe in October and No- 
vember. 

No. 31. Wine Apple. 

Fruit large, round, sometimes oblong ; the 
skin a bright red, striped with a little yellow, 
with russet round the stock ; the flesh rich 
and pleasant ; the form of the tree is spread- 
ing ; it bears young and abundantly, and rip- 
ens in the autumn and early winter months. 

No. 32. Fameuse. 
Fruit middle size ; of a flat form, skin light, 
yellow and green, mixt with pale red and dark 
red blotches on the side exposed to the sun ; 



5G BOOK OF FRUITS. 

ilesli remarkably white, tender, juicy and good. 
This is a very handsome a])ple. The tree bears 
well, and the fruit ripens from October to De- 
cember. 

No. 3.3. Mcnagere. 

This apple is said to be of CJerman origin ; 
it is the largest apple we have seen ; the form 
flat in shape like a large English turnip ; the 
skin of a light yellow ; the flesh pleasant, but 
more adapted to the kitchen than the dessert. 
It bears well trained as a dwarf, and ripens 
from October to February. 

No. 34. Rhode Island Greening. 

This is a well known and favourite apple ; 
the size is large, the shape round, flat at the 
end ; the color, when ripe, a greenish yellow ; 
the flesh yellow, tender, juicy and rich. The 
growth of the tree is vigorous and spreading. 
It bears well, and ripens from November to 
February. 

No. S^. Lovett Sweet. 

This apple originated on the farm of Mr. 
Lovett, of Beverly, Essex County, Mass. ; it 



BOOK OF FKUITS. 5/ 

is of medium size, the form round ; the skin, 

wlien ripe, a light yellow ; the flesh rich, 

sweet and good. It is highly prized as a 
winter fruit. 

No. 36. Murphy. 

This apple in appearance resembles the 
Blue Pearmain ; the shape is more oblong, the 
size not so large ; the skin light red, streaked 
and mottled with blotches of darker red ; the 
flesh wdiite, tender and good. It is in use 
from November to February. Raised from seed, 
by ]\Ir David Murphy, of Salem, Mass. 

No. 37. Ortley Pippcn. 

The size sometimes large ; the form, 
oblong ; the skin, when ripe, a bright yellow, 
with a little red on the side next the sun ; 
the flesh yellow, breaking and high flavoured, 
in this respect, approaching to the taste of the 
Newton pippen more than any other apple. 
The tree assumes a handsome, spreading 
form, bears well, and the fruit ripens from 
December to March. 



68 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

No. 38. Newtown Spitzenhurg, 
The size is large ; the form round and 
regular ; the skin a dark red, striped, streaked 
with shades of dull red ; the flesh yellow, rich 
and high flavoured. A most beautiful and 
valuable apple ; in perfection from October 
till February. 

No. 39. niiite Winter Cahille. 
This is one of the most celebrated French 
dessert apples ; the size is large, the form 
flat, with ribs extending from the stem to the 
eye ; the skin, when ripe, of a bright yellow, 
sometimes with a blush of pale red ; the flesh 
white, tender and ])lcasant, without being 
high flavored. It is an abundant ])earer, and 
the fruit ripens from November to March. 

No. 40. Pen nocks. 
This is a large apple ; the form round, rather 
oblong ; the skin a dull red, slightly streaked 
with yellow ; the flesh yellow, sweet and ten- 
der ; good for the table and excellent for bak- 
ing. The tree grows to a large size, and 
forms an open spreading head. It bears well 
every year, and is in use during the winter 
months. 



BOOK OF FRUITS- 69 

No. 41. Baldwin. 

This fine apple, so well known in New 
England, hardly needs a description. It is of 
medium size ; the form round, the skin mostly 
of a brilliant red, with some indistinct yellow 
streaks ; in some situations a large proportion 
of yellow ; the flesh is very fine, crisp, juicy 
and rich ; it bears abundantly every other 
year ; keeps well through the winter, and 
although so common, it will bear comparison 
with the finest of the new varieties. 

No. 42. Lady Apple. 

The size is small, the form flat, the skin at 
maturity is a bright yellow, with a brilliant 
red cheek, and very smooth ; the flesh white, 
breaking, mild and agreeable, but not high 
flavoured. The beautiful appearance of this 
little apple renders it worthy of cultivation. 
The tree is of more upright growth than any 
other apple tree in the orchard ; it grows to a 
large size before it produces fruit ; it then 
bears well, and is in use from January till 
March. 



60 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

No. 43. Bellflower. 
This is a large and beautiful apple ; the 
form is very oblong, tapering to the eye ; the 
skin a bright yellow, sometimes without any 
red, but for the most part the side exposed to 
the sun has a bright red cheek; the flesh is 
rich, tender and sprightly ; before perfectly 
ripe it has too much acidity. It bears well, 
though not abundantly, every year, and ripens 
in October, and keeps^ till February ; it is a 
valuable market fruit. The growth of the 
tree is large and spreading, and if not trained 
high, the branches will reach the ground when 
loaded with fruit. 

No. 44. Swaar. 

This is a hrge apple, the form round, 
somewdiat flat ; the skin is very smooth, 
of a light yellowish green, without any red ; 
the flesh is juicy and well flavoured, but not 
rich. The tree is of spreading and vigourous 
growth ; bears great crops. The fruit ripens 
from December to March. 

No. 45. Danvers Whiter Sweet. 
This apple is of medium size, the form a 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 61 

little oblong, tapering to the eye ; the skin 
smooth, of a light yellow, sometimes with a 
tinge of red ; the tlesh firm, juicy and sweet. 
The tree is a great bearer, of rapid growth, 
and is worthy of extensive cultivation. It is 
in use during the whole winter. 

No. 46. Pickman Pippcn. 

This apple is sometimes large, the form 
round, the skin a light yellow, spotted with 
black points ; the flesh hard, juicy and good 
for the table, and excellent for the kitchen, 
having, when cooked, a most agreeable acid. 
The tree is of an upright growth, bears abun- 
dant crops, and the fruit ripens from Decem- 
ber to March. 

No. 47. Mela Carla. 

This apple is of medium size and round 
form, the skin is of a light yellow, with a 
bright red cheek next the sun ; the flesh white, 
tender and good, but not rich. It is a good 
bearer, and ripens from October to March. In 
our climate this apple is not so good as in its 
native country, (Italy.) It is, notwithstand- 
ing, worthy of cultivation. 



G2 BOOK OF FRUITS, 

No. 48. Roxburij Russet. 

This apple is well known, and extensively 
cultivated in New England ; it is of medium 
size, round, and flat at the ends ; the skin of 
a fine yellow russet, often mixed with dull red ; 
the flesh white, rich and juicy, with a very 
pleasant acid. It bears well, and can be 
brought to market later in the spring than any 
other good table apple. 

No. 49. Huhbardston Nonsuch. 

This apple is large, the form round, some- 
what oblong ; the skin is red mixed with a 
small portion of yellow, streaked and blotched 
with dark red ; the flesh yellow, juicy, and 
of excellent flavour. The tree is of vigorous 
growth, a great bearer, and worthy of exten- 
sive cultivation. In use from January to 
March. 

No. 50. Minister. 

This fine apple originated in Rowley, Mass. 
The size is large, the form oblong like the 
Bellflower, tapering to the eye, with broad 
ridges .the whole length of the fruit ; the skin 
a light greenish yellow, striped with bright 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 63 

red, but the red seldom extends to the eye ; 
flesh yellow, light, high flavoured and excel- 
lent. This is one of the very finest apples 
which New England has produced. It ripens 
from November to February, and deserves a 
place in every collection of fruits, however 
small. This apple received its present name 
from the circumstance of the late Rev. Dr. 
Spring, of Newbury port, having purchased the 
first fruit brought to market. 

No. 51. Green Sweet. 

This apple is of small size, round, and 
rather flat ; the skin at maturity is a dull 
green, approaching to yellow ; the flesh very 
sweet and good. It is in use during the win- 
ter months, and can be brought to market la- 
ter in the spring than any other sweet apple. 
Much cultivated in the north part of Essex 
county, Mass. 



64 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

peahs. 

No. 1. Amire Joannct. 

This fruit is small, form oblong ; the skin, 
when ripe, is light yellow, with a small portion 
of red ; the flesh white, and when not overripe, 
juicy and good. It ripens in July, about ten 
days before the Petit Muscat, to which it is 
superior in size and flavor. The head of the 
tree is open, with a few long and hanging 
branches. 

No. 2. Petit Muscat. 

This pear ripens immediately after the a- 
bove ; the size is small ; the form round, a 
little oblong ; the skin mostly of a clear yel- 
low, with a little dull red ; the flesh pleasant 
and musky, without being high flavoured. 
The tree grows to a large size, with long and 
hanging limbs, jtroducing its fruit in clusters 
and most abundantly. 

No. 3. Madeleine. 

This is the first good pear, which ripens; imme- 
diately following the Petit Muscat ; the size is 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 65 

rather small ; in rich land they grow large ; 
the skin, when ripe, is light green approach- 
ing to a yellow, sometimes a tinge of dull red 
on the side exposed to the sun ; the flesh 
white, juicy and pleasant with a most agreea- 
ble acid. Ripe the end of July and first part 
of August ; it bears well every year, and from 
its open head requires but little pruning. 

No. 4. Bloodgood. 

This pear was first brought into notice by 
the late James Bloodgood, of Flushing, Long 
Island ; the size is large, the form nearly oval, 
the skin a dull yellow, covered with dark rus- 
set spots ; the flesh tender, melting and pleas- 
ant. It comes very early into bearing, and 
produces abundant crops every year. Ripe in 
August. 

No. 5. Rousselette Hatif. 

This is a small pear, with a long curved 
neck ; the stem is long and fleshy, in most 
cases appearing to be a continuation of the fruit; 
the skin yellow with brownish russet on the 
side next the sun ; the flesh very fine, rich 
and high flavoured when eaten ripe from the 

F* 



66 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

tree ; the branches are long, the head of the 
tree very open, and the produce most extraor- 
dinary. It ripens about the middle of August. 

No. 6. Skinless. 
This pear is of small size, of a long shape, 
round at the blossom end, tapering to an ob- 
tuse })oint at the stem ; the skin is smooth and 
very thin ; the color when ripe is a light yel- 
low, with a slight tinge of red ; the flesh juicy, 
crisp, sweet and very good. The tree produ- 
ces well, and the fruit ripens in August. 

No. 7. Summer Rose. 
A pear of medium size ; the form flat, re- 
sembling an apple, with a long stem inserted 
in a roundish hollow ; the skin is dull yellow, 
spotted with russet, and mixed with a large 
proportion of brownish red ; the flesh, white, 
juicy and sweet, with a high and very pecu- 
liar flavor. The appearance of the tree is that 
of a large spreading apple tree ; it grows to a 
large size before producing fruit ; it is then 
very productive. Ripe in August. 

No. 8. Sum7ner FrankreaL 
This very line pear is of medium size, the 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 



67 



shape oblong, thickest about one third from 
the eye, sometimes flat like a Bergamot. 
The skin when fully ripe a light yellow ; flesh 
melting, rich and excellent. It is a great and 
early bearer, ripening in September. 

No. 9. JVilliams^ Bon Chretien. 

[■fee plate Xo. 1.] 

This fruit is very large ; the shape long, 
round and full, both at the eye and stem, 
which is short and large ; the skin when fully 
ripe yellow, with faint red next the sun ; flesh 
white, melting and good. The character 
of this pear is very high ; the tree is of a 
strong and vigorous growth, bears very young, 
and yields most extraordinary crops every year. 
Ripe in August and September. 

No. 10. Jnlieune. 
This pear resembles the St. Michael's, but 
is much smaller, except on very rich land ; 
the size is generally small ; the skin light yel- 
low, sometimes with bright red next the sun ; 
the flesh rich, juicy and melting. The tree 
comes early into bearing, produces abundantly, 
and is in use from the middle of August to the 
middle of September ; ripening gradually in 



(38 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

the house, which renders it very desirable (or 
a market fruit. 

No. 1 1 . Dcarboni^s Seedling. 

This fine and beautiful pear originated at 
Brinley Place, Roxbury, the seat of the Hon. 
H. A. S. Dearborn. The fruit is of medium 
size, round at the crown, diminishing to the 
stem, around which is a circle of bright rus- 
set ; the skin is smooth, of a light yellow col- 
our ; the flesh delicate, melting and fine fla- 
voured, equal to any other pear of the same 
season. The growth of the tree is healthy 
and vigorous. It bears well, and the fruic 
ripens in August. 

No. 12. Ciawford. 

This pear is very extensively cultivated in 
Scotland ; it is of middle size, round at the 
eye, diminishing to the stem, and very regular 
and uniform in its appearance ; the skin is en- 
tirely of a light yellow ; the flesh Juicy, tender 
and good. It bears young, and ripens in Au- 



gust. 



No. 13. Honeij. 
This tree was procured from Messrs. Wm. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 69 

Prince & Sons, of Flushing ; but as there are 
two pears bearing this name, one European, 
the other American, it is uncertain to which 
the specimen belonged ; in size and shape it 
resembles the Seckle ; the skin is yellow, with 
a large portion of dull red ; the flesh sweet, 
juicy and good. The tree bears young, and 
when more advanced promises to bo a great 
bearer. Ripe in September. 

No. 14. Citron de S'lrentz. 

This tree was procured from Messrs. Bau- 
mans, of Bollwiller ; iii size, shape, colour, 
taste and time of ripening, it resembles the 
Crawford. 

No. 15. Roussdetie de Rheims, 

This pear is of medium size, the form is 
oval, blunt at the stem : the skin yellow, with 
much dull red on the side next the sun ; the 
flesh isbreaking andline, with a very high musk 
flavour ; it is best when eaten ripe from the 
tree. The tree attains a large size heforc 
bearing ; but when more advanced produces 
an abundant crop. Ripe in September. 



70 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

No. 16. Summer Thorn. 
This pear is oblong, of medium size, the 
skin^smooth, and when ripe of a light green; 
the flesh melting, juicy and of a very peculiarly 
])leasant flavour. It bears well, and ripens in 
September. 

No. 17. WiUiams' Earhj. 

This new pear originated on the farm of 
Mr. Williams, in Roxbury, Mass. It is of 
middle si/e, turbinate form, the skinlight yel- 
low with a red cheek next the sun ; the flesh 
melting, sugary and fin(\ The tree promises 
to be a great bearer. Ripe in September. 

No. 18. ]\dce Franche. 
This pear in good ground is sometimes 
large, the form almost fiat, a liitle extended ; 
the skin dull, greenish yellow and dull red ; 
the flesh Juicy, rich and ])lcasant. The tree 
bears young, is very productive, and the fruit 
ripens in September. 

No. 19. Chair a Dame. 

This pear is of medium size, obovate, the 
stem is short and fleshy, obliquely inserted un- 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 71 

der some irregular bunches or protuberances ; 
tlie skin is a dull yellow, mixed with russet 
and a small portion of red ; the flesh is crisp, 
coarse grained, and sugary. The tree is of 
vigorous growth, and appears to be a good 
bearer. Ripe in September. 

No. 20. Green Pear of Yair. 
This pear is of medium size ; the form full 
at the crown, diminishing gradually to the stem; 
the skin is smooth, and when fully ripe of a 
light green ; the flesh melting, very juicy and 
good. A great bearer. Ripening in Sep- 
tember. 

No. 21. St. Ghislain. 
This superior pear is one of the new Flem- 
ish varieties ; it is of medium size ; the shape 
rather oblong ; the skin at maturity is a pale 
yellow ; the flesh juicy, melting and very de- 
licious. The tree is vigorous, and bears 
good crops every year. One of the finest of 
pears, and should be found in every good col- 
lection. Ripening in September and October. 



No. 22. Ciishins:. 



A native fruit from Hingham, Mass. The 



72 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

size in rich ground is large ; the form oblong, 
diminishing from the eye to an obtuse point 
at the stem ; the skin when ripe smooth, of a 
light yellow, sometimes with dull red on the 
side exposed to the sun ; the flesh white, 
melting, sprightly and good. It comes early 
into bearing, produces well, and the fruit rip- 
ens the last of September. 

No. 23. Rosticzer. 

This tree was received from the Messrs. 
Baumans, of Bollwiller. Tlie fruit is of me- 
dium size, oblong and pointed at the stem, 
the skin covered with light yellow russet ; the 
flesh melting, high flavoured and delicious. It 
ripens about tlie first of October, and so far 
as we could judge from the first specimens, is 
decidedly a first rate fruit. 

No. 24. Jackmaii's Melting. 

This tree was received from the Messrs. 
Youngs, of Epsom, England ; it produced its 
first fruit in 1837 ; the name is no doubt er- 
roneous, as it is not noticed in the catalogue 
of the London Hort. Society, or in any other 
work of authority. The fruit is large and 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 73 

very long, tlie stem short, the skin entirely of 
a dark red ; the flesh juicy and good, but not 
rich ; it is remarkable for its beauty, promises 
to bear well, and ripens the last of September. 

No. 25, Scckle. 

This \vell known and excellent pear is of 
small size on poor land ; the form is regular, 
round at the blossom end, diminishins; gradu- 
ally to an obtuse point at the stem ; the skin 
often yellow with a brownish red cheek, 
sometimes entirely covered with greenish rus- 
set ; the flesh melting and of most exquisite 
flavour ; the growth of the tree is slow, witii 
great and unusual symmetry. It produces 
abundant crops ; but in order to obtain fruit 
of large size, the ground should be rich and 
the tree pruned witli a more open head, than 
is generally thought necessary. Ripens grad- 
ually in the house from the middle of Septem- 
ber to the last of October. 

No. 26. Jalousie, 

This pear is rather above the medium size ; 
the form round and large at the blossom end, 
diminishing rapidly tea point at the stem; 

G 



t4 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

the skin is smooth, and entirely covered with 
a cinnamon russet ; the flesh white and melt- 
ing, very pleasant and good. The tree 
bears well, and the fruit is in use during the 
whole month of October. 

No. 27. Johonnot. 

Originated in the garden of the late George 
8. Johonnot, Esq. of Salem. The fruit is of 
medium size, of a roundish and very unequal 
form ; a little extended, the skin thin, the 
colour a dull yellow, with a large portion of 
dull brown and indistinct russet ; the flesh is 
very fine, melting and delicious. The tree is 
not vigorous ; it bears Vvell, and is in perfec- 
tion from the middle of September to the 
middle of October. 

No. 28. Andrews. 

This fruit sometimes attains a kirge size, the 
form is oblong, tapering gently from the blos- 
som end to the stem ; the skin when at maturity 
is a yellowish green, often with a dull red cheek; 
the flesh melting, juicy and high flavoured ; it 
is a most valuable pear, producing its fruit 
early and abundantly. The tree is not of very 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 75 

vigorous growth. Ripe in September and 
October. 

No. 29. Autumn Superb. 

This is a large pear, full and round at the 
€je, diminishing to a point at the stem ; the 
skin is yellow mixed with dull red ; the flesh 
melting and good, but not very high flavoured. 
It bears joung and the fruit ripens in October. 
It was originally introduced from France, and 
received its present name in this country. 

No. 30. Belle Lucrative, 

The tree which produces this fine fruit, was 
received from the Messrs. Young, of Epsom, 
England. The size is large, the form round 
at the blossom end, tapering gradually to the 
stem ; the skin, when ripe, is a pale yellow, 
sometimes with a little dull red next the sun ; 
the flesh is melting, sweet, juicy and fine fla- 
voured. It bears well. Ripens in Septem- 
ber and October, and is worthy of a place 
among the choicest selections. 

No. 31. Belle et Bonne. 
These trees have been received from vari- 



76 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

ous sources, as the Belle de Bruxellcs ; the 
fruit is large and round, the skin yellow, some- 
times with a little blush on the side exposed 
to the sun ; the llesh very sweet, rich and 
good. The tree is very vigorous in its growth ; 
does not bear till it has attained a large size ; 
it is then verj Iraitful. Kipe in October. 

No. 32. Lono; Green. 

This is one oi" the best of the old varieties ; 
its form is very long ; skin at maturity a light 
green ; the flesh is w hite, melting and fine fla- 
voured. The tree is of vigorous growth, bears 
well, and the fruit ripens in September and 
Octoljer. 

No. 30. IJcnrij Fourlh. 

This pear is of small size, the form very ir- 
regular, oblong ; the skin of a dull yellow, 
mixed with brown and green ; flesh yellow, 
gritty. Juicy and melting, with a high and 
somewhat r(nnarkable flavor. It ])ears young 
and abundantly, and ripens in September, 

No. 34. Bcurre Van Mamm, 
This is one of the new Flemish pears ; it is 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 77 

of medium size, the form oblong, the skin of 
a ])right yellow, sometimes with a tinge of 
red ; the flesh melting, juicy and hue. It is 
an early and great bearer, and in perfection 
about the last of September. 

No. 35. Capsheaf. 

The origin of this pear is unknown ; it is 
much cultivated near Providence, R. I., where 
it may have originated. The size is small ; 
the form almost round ; the skin a light cin- 
namon russet ; the flesh white, melting and 
juicy, with a pleasant but not high flavour. 
It bears well, and the fruit ripens in October. 

No. 36. Siuyass Vergalieu. 

This tree was received from the late Mr. 
Parmentier, of Brooklyn, L. I. ; as we do not 
find the name in any European author, it was 
probably adopted in this country. The fruit 
is large, form oblong, some specimens nearly 
round ; the skin smooth, of a light yellow with 
a little red on the side next the sun ; the flesh 
rich, juicy and high flavoured. It appears to 
require a warm sun to have it in its greatest 
perfection ; it bears young, yields large crops 



78 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

of fair fruit every year, and is wortliy of ex- 
tensive cultivation. Ripe in October. 

No. 37. Ihaihcoic. 

This native pear is large on rich land ; the 
form is long, round at the blossom end, and 
full at the stalk ; the skin almost always of a 
light yellow, seldom a tinge of red ; the flesh 
melting, rich and well flavored. The growth 
of the tree is handsome and vigorous. It pro- 
duces abundant crops, aiid ripens in Septem- 
ber and October. 

No. 38. Harvard. 

This pear originated in Cambridge, Mass. ; 
the size is large, the form oblong, contracted 
in the middle, diminishing to an ol)tuse point 
to the stem, which is inserted in a small cav- 
ity ; the skin is of a dull russety yellow, some- 
times nearly covered with brownish rc^d ; the 
flesh white, juicy and fine, but subject to rot 
at the core, which is its only defect. The 
tree is uncommonly strong and upright in its 
growth ; it attains a large size before produc- \ 
ing fruit ; it is then a great bearer. Ripe in 
September and October. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 79 

No. 39. Naumkeag. 

This is a seedling from the garden of the 
late G. S. Johonnot, Esq., of Salem ; the 
wood and leaf of the tree resemble those of 
the Brown Bcurre. The fruit is large, form oval, 
rather oblong, full and round both at the blos- 
som end and at the stem ; the skin a jcllow 
russet, with much dull brown mixed with 
russet; flesh juicy, melting and good, with 
rather too much astringencj. A great bear- 
er, — ripening in October. 

No. 10. Raymond. 
A new fruit, which originated on the farm 
of Doctor Joseph Wight, of Raymond, Me. 
It is sometimes large, but generally of a me- 
dium size, the shape of the St. Michael's ; the 
skin yellow with some dull red and russet on 
the side exposed to the sun ; the flesh melt- 
ing, rich and high flavoured, equal to any pear 
of the same season. The tree is slow and 
crooked in its growth, but produces well, and 
the fruit ripens in September and October. 

No. 41. Bvffum. 
This pear originated in Rhode Island ; the 



80 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

size is large, the form nearly oatiI, the skill 
yellow mixed with russet and l)rownish red 
next the sun ; the flesh melting and good, but 
not first rate. The tree is very u])right and 
strong in its growth ; a great bearer, and an 
exeellent market fruit. Ripe in September. 

No. 42. Beurre Bosc. 

One of tlic new Flemish pears ; the form is 
verv h)ng, the skin of a light einnamon russet; 
the flesh white, juiey, melting and good. It 
JDoars abundantly, and ripens in October and 
November. 

No. 43. Golden Bucrre of Bilboa. 
This tree was imported from Bilboa, by 
Mr. Hooper, of Marblehead ; the original 
name is unknown ; in size and shape it re- 
sembles the Doyenne Gris, but the skin is of 
a lighter russet ; the flesh is melting, rich and 
of fine flavour ; it promises to be a good bear- 
er. Ripens in October. 

No, 44. IVashingion. 
A native fruit from New Jersey, of medi- 
um size ; the form is oval, the skin of a light 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 81 

yellow, covered with small brown spots, some- 
times a slight tinge of red ; the flesh melting 
and excellent, with an unusual flavour. The 
tree grows vigorously, bears v.ell, and the 
fruit ripens in September. A beautiful and 
good pear, worthy of cultivation. 

No. 45. Gansels Bcrgamot. 

This has been placed among the old pears ; 
it is only comparatively so, having been raised 
in 1768 ; as yet it shows no indication of de- 
cay, such as we see in many of the linest old 
pears. It has the reputation of being a bad 
bearer, but in the gardens in Salem it pro- 
duces good crops. The fruit is of medium 
size, the form nearly round, the colour a dull 
brown ; flesh white, melting and fine flavour- 
ed. Ripe in October. 

No. 46. Cahot. 

This j)ear was produced from seed by Jos- 
eph S. Ca])ot, Esq., of Salem ; the original 
tree, after producing the flrst specimen of 
fruit, was destroyed by the cold winter of 
1831 ; we were so fortunate as to preserve a 
scion, from which we obtained, fruit the last 



82 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

season, 1837. It is of medium size, of a 
round form, a little extended ; the skin a light 
yellow russet, with a small portion of brown- 
ish red ; the flesh white, melting and fine fla- 
vored. It is deeidedly a first rate fruit, and 
worthy of extensive cultivation ; the tree is of 
a strong and healthy growth, ])ears well, and 
is in perfection during the whole month of 
October. 

No. 47. Popc^s Quaker. 

The origin of this \iqp,y is uncertain ; it ap- 
pears to have been first cultivated bj- a Mr. 
Pope, a nurseryman near New York ; the fruit 
is of medium size, oblong pear shaped, the 
skin ejitirely covered with yellow russet ; the 
flesh white, melting and good, but not high 
flavoured ; the tree is productive. The fruit 
ripens in October. 

No. 48. Bo?i Chretien Fondanie. 

This is one of the new Flemish pears ; fruit 
rather hn-ge, form regular, ova! ; the skin a 
vellowish "reen, mixed with brown and vel- 
low specks ; the ilesh yellow, rich and melt- 
ing ; the tree produced fruit tlie first time, the 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 83 

last season, 1837, and promises to be a first 
rate fruit. Ripe in October. 

No. 49, Princess of Oranse. 
One of the new Flemish pears. In size 
and form this fruit resembles the St. Micha- 
el's; the skin is an orange russet, mixed with 
dull red ; the flesh white, melting and good, 
but not first rate. Ripe in October. The 
scions of this pear were originally received 
from the London Horticultural Society, but a 
distinguished cultivator of fruit from Belgium, 
thinks it cannot be the Princess of Orange of 
Van Mons. 

No. 50. Cumberland. 
A native fruit from Cumberland, R. I. ; the 
size is large, the form oblong, round and large 
at the blossom end, tapering to an obtuse 
point at the stem ; the skin of an orange col- 
our, with bright red next the sun ; the flesh 
melting, juicy and good, nearly first rate. 
Ripe in October and November. The tree is 
of vigorous growth, and bears abundantly. 

No. 51. Louise Bonne de Jersey. 
Fruit large oblong, pear shape ; skin yel- 



84 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

lowisli green, mixed with brownish red riext 
the sun; the desh melting, rich and good. It 
produced its first fruit the last season, and 
gives every indication of being a first rate 
pear, and good bearer. Ripe in September 
and October. 

No. 52. Reine des Poires. 

This is a large pear ; the form o})tuscly py- 
ramidal ; the skin a dull yellow mixed with 
red, and red on the side exposed to the sun; 
the iiesh crisp, pleasant and good, but not 
high flavoured , it bears young, and is very 
productive. Bipe in October. The tree has 
a great resemblance to that of the Easter 
Beurre. 

No. 5^. Peirc. 

This tree was presented to mc by Mr. Carr, 
of the Bartram Botanic Garden, near Phila- 
delphia, where the fruit originated. The first 
specimens were produced the last season, 
1837. The size is large, the form long, round 
at the eye, and tapering to an obtuse point at 
the stem ; the skin is a dull yellow, mixed 
with greenish russet ; the flesh melting, juicy, 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 85 

and very delicious. Ripe in October and No- 
vember. It is a pear of tiie very first rank, 
and should be extensively cultivated. 

No. 54. Frederic of IVurtemberg. 

This is one of the new Flemish pears, and 
has been cultivated under the erroneous name 
of the Capiaumont. The size is large, round 
and full at the blossom end, tapering rapidly to 
a point at the stem, which is short and placed 
on the summit ; the skin a bright yellow, 
with a brilliant red cheek next the sun ; the 
flesh yellow, melting, rich and excellent. The 
tree grows vigorously, bears young and abun- 
dantly, and the apperirance of the fruit is beau- 
tiful. Ripe in September and October. 

No. 55. Urbaniste^ 

One of the new Flemish pears, the size and 
form is somewhat like the St. Michael's, round 
and full at the eye, diminishing gradually to 
an obtuse point at the skin, which is inserted 
in a shallow round cavity ; skin light green, 
nearly yellow, with small spots of dull russet ; 
flesh white, melting and fine. The tree is of 
handsome form and grows vigorously ; does 

H 



80 BOOK OF FRUITS, *• 

not bear jouiig, but is productive after it lias 
attained a proper size. Of all the new Euro- 
pean pears, this is the best substitute for the 
old favorite, St. Michael's, Ripe in October 
and November. 

No. 56, Wilkinson. 

A native pear from Cumberland, R. J. ; the 
size in rich ground is large, the form oblong, 
round at the blossom end, and at the stem ; 
the skin yellow, seldom (on pear stocks) any 
red ; the flesh white, juicy and melting, with 
a fine and delicious flavour. The tree bears 
young, is very fruitful, and in perfection dur- 
ing the months of October and November. If 
grafted on the quince it is smaller, more pro- 
lific, higher flavoured, and a brighter red cheek, 
than if grafted on the pear stock. 

No. 57. Bergamotte cPJutomne. 

This pear is of medium size, the form round, 
a little lengthened towards the stem, which is 
short and inserted in a small cavity ; the skin 
when ripe is a dusky yellow, thickly sprinkled 
with greyish spots ; the flesh breaking, ten- 
der, juicy and sweet. It is a good fruit, an 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 87 

early and great bearer, ripening gradually in 
October ; distinct from the Autumn Berga- 
mot described by Cox, and figured in the Po- 
mological Magazine. 

No. 58. Niipoleon. 

One of the new Flemish pears ; the size is 
large, the form long, round at the blossom end, 
contracted in the middle, obtuse at the stem 
which is short ; the skin at maturity is a yel- 
lowish green ; flesh melting and fine, with an 
unusual quantity of juice ; in some soils a lit- 
tle too astringent ; tree healthy and strong, 
bears well, and the fruit ripens in October. 

No. 59. Marie Louise. 

This is also one of the new Flemish pears ; 
the size is large, the form long, tapering from 
the middle to the eye and stem ; the skin is a 
dusky yellow, soQietimes with a large portion 
of cinamon russet ; the flesh white, melting, 
Juicy and very delicious ; the tree grows crook- 
ed, and the leaves are small and generally 
hollowed like the bowl of a spoon ; it is equal 
to any other pear of the season, European or 
American. Ripe in October and November, 



38 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

No. 60. Fulton. 
This pear originated on the farm of Mrs. 
Fulton, Topsham, Me. ; the size is small, the 
form nearly round, a little lengthened, the skin 
entirely covered with dark russet ; the flesh 
white, melting, juicy and well flavoured ; the 
tree bears well, and the fruit ripens gradually 
in the house, in October and November. 

No. 61. Bleeker^s Meadoiv. 
A native fruit from New York ; the size is 
small, the form round, somewhat flat ; the 
skin, when fully ripe, is yellow ; the flesh yel- 
low, melting, juicy and very high flavoured. 
The growth of the tree is vigorous ; it does 
not bear young, but as it increases in size it 
bears well. A flue delicious pear, ripening iii 
October and November. 

No. 62. Div. 

This flne pear originated in the garden of 
Mrs. Dix, in Boston ; the size is large, oblong, 
tapering gently from the blossom end to the 
stem, which is short ; the skin, when ripe, is 
yellow, sometimes with a blush of red on the 
side exposed to the sun ; the flesh melting, 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 89 

jiiicy and very rich, with a higli and most 
, agreeable flavour ; in perfection during the 
months of October and November ; the tree 
is of slow growth, the wood small and thorny ; 
it grows to a large size before bearing ; it 
then produces plentifully. 

No. 63. Duchesse d^Angouleme. 
One of the new European pears ; the size 
is very largo, oblong, round at the blossom 
ends, tapering gradually to an obtuse point at 
the stem with a knobby and uneven surface ; 
the skin greenisli yellow, spotted with small 
russet points ; the flesh very rich, melting and 
high flavoured. It is a good pear on stand- 
ards in rich ground, larger and better on the 
quince, trained low ; it is very productive. 
Ripe in October and November. 

No. 6k MoorfoivVs Egg, of Boston. 

A pear of medium size, oval form ; the skin 
light green, mixed with russet and brown 
next the sun ; t!ie flesh tender, juicy and 
good ; tree of vigorous growth, and ripens in 
November. This we think cannot be the 
pear of the same name cultivated in England 
and Scotland. 



90 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

No. Go. Deurre Diel. 
One of the best of the new Flemish ])cars ; 
the size is very large, tapering gradiiallj from 
the middle to both the eye and stem, where it is 
full and thick ; the skin when ripe of an orange 
colour, with small russet spots; the llesh white, 
sugary, rich and delicious ; the tree is of a 
crooked, but strong and healthy growth : it 
bears well, and the fruit ripens in November 
and December. 

No. m. Sjlvanche Vcrtc. 

The pear which we cultivate by this name 
resembles the Beurre Diel, in size, shape, col- 
our, flavour, and time of ripening ; the growth 
of the tree is also similar, at least we can per- 
ceive no difference. We see by the 2d Edi- 
tion of the London Hort. Society's Catalogue, 
that this pear had not then been proved in 
their garden. 

No. 67. Bourgmcstre, of Boston. 

A pear of large size, very long, round at the 

blossom end, tapering gently to a point at the 

stem, which is short and fleshy at its junction 

with the fruit ; the skin greenish yellow, (on 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 91 

a quince stock it has a bright red cheek ;) the 
flesh juicy and pretty good, but not rich. Ripe 
from November to January. This is not the 
Bourgmestre of the London Hort. Society's 
Catalogue. We were inclined to discontinue 
its cultivation, but its abundant bearing, great 
size, and beautiful appearance, the two last 
seasons, have induced us to continue it for 
further investigation. 

No. 68. Nciiioivn Jergalicu. 
Wo should judge by the name that this pear 
originated on Long Island ; it is of large size, 
round at the blossom end, tapering to a point 
at the stem, which is short ; the skin of a })ale 
yellow, seldom with a tinge of red ; the flesh 
is sweet, rather dry, not highly prized as a ta- 
ble fruit, but excellent for baking. It ripens 
in the early winter months, and its produc- 
tiveness renders it desirable in an orchard. 
The tree is crooked and strong in its growth, 
forming a large spreading head like that of an 
apple tree. 

No. 69. Fig Pear of Naples. 
The scions of this pear were received from 



02 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

the London Horticultural Society. In then' 
cataloiTue it is described as fust rate ; the 
fruit is of large size, form oval, skin a dark 
brown, with a mixture of red; fiesh melting, 
juicy and good ; it is wry productive, and 
bears voung. ]\i|)e in NovemJ)er and Decem- 
ber. 

No. 70. fVinter Nelis. 

One of the new Flemish pears ; the size 
and form is somewhat like the Seckle ; the 
skin a greenish yellow, covered with dark 
spots ; in some seasons they have a large por- 
tion of dull russet : the flesh yellow, melting, 
sweet, and very high Havoiired ; a very fine 
pear, ripening during the months of December, 
January and February. 

No. 71. Passe CoJmar. 

This is also one of the m^w Flemish pears ; 
the size is large, the form round and full at 
the blossom end, contracting suddenly to the 
stem, which is about an inch long, and plant- 
ed in a small and oblique cavity ; the flesh is 
yellow, melting, sweet and excellent. The 
growth of the tree is vigorous, without any 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 93 

symmetry ; its produce very great ; it is a fa- 
vourite, and deserves to be so. We have had 
them in eatinii from October to Februarv. 

No. 72. Surpasse St. Germain. 
Introduced into England from Flanders, by 
the late John Braddick, Esq. It is of medi- 
um size, round at t!ie crown, tapering to the 
stem, which is obliquely planted ; it is of very 
irregular form ; the skin is rough, yellow mix- 
ed with dull brown ; the flesh coarse grained, 
sugary and high flavoured ; it produces abun- 
dantly, and the fruit ripens in December and 
January. 

No. 73. Lewis. 
This pear originated on the farm of Mr. 
John Lewis, Roxbury, JMass. The size is 
small, the form round, a little oblong ; the 
skin, when ripe, a greenish yellow ; the flesh 
white, melting, juicy and good. The tree is 
of the most rapid growth ; a great and con- 
stant bearer. The fruit ripens from Novem- 
ber to February. 

No. 74. Prince''s St. Germain. 
Produced from seed at the Nursery of W. 



94 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

Prince & Sons, at Flushing, L. I. The frair 
is of medium size ; in form sometimes 'ike 
the old St. Germain ; the skin yellow, with 
])atches of russet, and a dull red cheek on the 
side exposed to the sua ; the fiesh is melting 
and t>"ood, but not esteemed a first rate fruit ; 
its abundant bearinir, and its rinenins; gradu- 
ally in the house during- the winter, renders it 
a very valuable market fruit. 

No. 75. Glout Morceau. 

A new Flemish pear ; the size is sometimes 
large, the form rather oblong, round at the 
crown, diminishing suddenly to the stalk, 
which is inserted ia an oblique cavity ; the 
skin is a dull green, nearly yellow wlieii ripe, 
mixed with russet blotches ; the llesh white, 
juicy and excellent ; the growth of the tree is 
crooked and bending ; it produces well, and 
tiie fruit ri])ens gradually from December to 
February. The French nurserymen still con- 
tinue the cultivation of this pear imder the 
name of the Beurre d'Aremberg. 

No. 7v^). Kchasscric. 
Tliis is one of ilje old French table pears ; 







^^,fti ; ^ 






.:&:'^ ■: 




f?'*- ' , 




•V;-. .,^ ' 




y ■ ■ 




i' ; 


> 






A %:^ 






luiytei /inir/ff t'lun 



BOOK OF FRUIT3. 95 

tlie size is small, of oval form ; the skin, at 
maturity, a greenish yellow ; the flesh melt- 
ing, juicy and sugary. It is a good bearer, 
and a favourite winter pear, ripening from 
December to March. 

No. 77. Beurre d^yirembcrg. 
A new Flemish pear ; in good ground it is 
usually of a large size ; the form oblong, thick 
at the crown and stalk ; the skin when ripe a 
dark yellow mixed with russet specks ; the 
flesh white, melting, rich and sweet. It is in 
eating during the winter months, and has the 
reputation of being one of the most valuable 
table pears. 

No. 78. Easter Beurre. 

[Sr-e plate No. 2.] 

The size of this pear is large ; of an oval 
form ; the skin, when ripe, is dark yellow, 
covered with russet spots ; the flesh yellow, 
meltins; and hio;h flavoured. It bears abun- 
dant crops, grafted either on the pear or 
quince ; keeps till May, and is the most valu- 
able late winter pear yet known. 

No. 79. Catillac. 
This is one of the old French baking pears ; 



96 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

it is very large, flat and round at the crown, 
diminishing rapidly to the stalk, which is an 
inch in length, obliquely inserted ; the skin of 
a light green, nearly yellow when ripe ; the 
flesh hard and suitable for baking from No- 
vember till April ; — very productive. 

No. oO. Black Pear of JVurcester. 
Fruit large, oblong ; skin rough, covered 
with dull russet ; the flesh hard and coarse, 
suitable for leaking during the winter and 
spring ; it produces abundantly ; the branches 
of the tree, when loaded with fruit, bend to 
the ground like the weeping willow. 

No. 81. Pound Pear. 
This is one of the largest pears ; its origin 
unknown, but supposed to be European ; the 
form oblong ; some of the pears are thickest in 
the middle, tapering to the crown and stem ; 
the flesh coarse and astringent. It is a great 
bearer, and the best winter baking pear, being 
one of the most profitable fruits for the mar- 
ket. The extensive cultivation of Nos. 79, 
80, and 81, in large orchards, would produce 
greater and surer income, for the capital em- 
ployed, than any other investment. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 97 

PEACHES. 

No. 1. Early Ann. 

This is a small round fruit, with a greenish 
white skin ; flesh melting and good. The 
tree does not attain a large size ; a freestone, 
ripe in August. 

No. 2. Early Royal George. 

The size is large, the form round, the skin 
of a bright yellow, with a large portion of 
deep red on the side exposed to the sun , the 
flesh melting and delicious ; it is a great bear- 
er, and one of the most superior peaches we 
have ever raised ; a freestone, ripe in August. 

No. 3. Red Rareripe. 

This is a large freestone peach ; form near- 
ly round ; the skin of a very bright yellow, 
with a light red cheek ; the flesh very rich 
and excellent. Ripe in August. 

No. 4. White Rareripe. 

This peach is of large size, the form some- 
what oblong, the skin a pale yellow, nearly 
I 



98 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

white; flesh white, juicy and of fine flavom'. 
Ripe in August. 

No. 5. Red and Yellow Rareripe. 

A large round freestone peach ; the skin of 
a deep orange yellow, with a dark red cheek ; 
the flesh deep yellow, rich, sweet and luscious. 
The tree is an abundant bearer ; and a most 
valuable peach — ripening in August. 

No. 6. Grosse Mignonne. 

This a large, round and most beautiful free- 
stone peach ; the skin deep yellow, with a 
brownish red check next the sun ; flesh light 
yellow, fine and delicious. A peach of the 
highest character. Ripe in August. 

No. 7. Red Cheek Melacoton. 

A large freestone peach, of an oblong shape, 
the skin of an orange yellow, with a dark red 
cheek ; flesh yellow, melting and rich. Ripe 
in September. 

No. 8. Malta. 

This peach is of a large size ; form round, 
rather flat at the stem ; the skin a light green, 



BOOK OF FRUITS, 99 

mottled and blotched on the sunny side with 
dull red ; the flesh greenish yellow, red next 
the stone, with a most superior flavour ; a 
freestone peach. Ripe in September. 

No. 9. President. 

A large and most superior freestone peach ; 
the form roundish oblong ; the skin pale yel- 
low with a bright red cheek ; the surface cov- 
ered with small red spots, which give it a rich 
and beautiful appearance ; the flesh white and 
high flavoured ; one of the best of peaches. 
Ripe in September. 

No. 10. Belle de Vitnj. 

This peach is of large size ; tlic form round, 
a little oblong ; the skin a dull yellow and 
red ; the flesh melting, juicy and excellent ; 
between a freestone and clingstone. Ripe in 
September. 

No. 11. White Blossom. 

Of medium size, oblong ; the skin a very 
light yellow, nearly white ; the flesh white, 
melting and extremely juicy, with a most 
agreeable acidity. Ripe in September, We 



100 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

have found this a hardy peach, and most 
certain bearer in our chmate. We have 
for several years reproduced them from tlie 
stone. The blossoms are clear white, and the 
young wood resembles that of the willow tree. 

No. 12. Orange Freestone. 

This peach is of medium size ; the form 
round ; the skin a deep orange yellow ; flesh 
yellow and sweet, but rather dry ; a beautiful 
and good fruit. Ripe in September. 

No. 13. Congress Clingstone. 

The size is large, form round ; skin yellow 
and bright red ; flesh rich and excellent. Ripe 
in September. 

No. 14. Ohhnhon Clingstone. 

Large, round and rather flat ; skin whitish yel- 
low, with a bright red cheek, beautifully spot- 
ted with red dots. Of all the clingstone 
peaches this is the most delicious ; a great 
bearer, ripening its fruit gradually in Septem- 
ber. We have cultivated this peach, and the 
Catharine and old Newington, and could never 
perceive any difference in the fruit or trees. 




*^\ , '.K V 



Vi^Q 



M^uue's Inth £pStn, 



Ci'i'S (ichJi'ii Dll'p P/ Li III 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 101 

No. 15. Heath Clin^^slonc. 

Fruit large, oblong ; skin of a delicate cream 
colour, sometimes with a faint blush on the 
sunny side ; flesh rich, very juicy and fine fla- 
voured. Ripe in October, and we have eaten 
them produced in our own orchard in the 
highest perfection, on Thanksgiving Day, 
November 30th. 

The Nectarine and the Apricot, so nearly 
allied to the Peach, we should not recommend 
for cultivation upon standards, but inoculated 
upon the plum stock, and trained as Espaliers 
upon walls or fences, they often produce fine 
fruit, particularly the Apricot. 



pi.ums. 

No. 1. Italian Damask. 

Fruit of medium size, round ; skin dark 
blue, nearly black ; stem half an inch long, in- 
serted in a small round cavity ; flesh yellow, 
Juicy and high flavoured. A freestone, a great 
bearer, and one of the best early plums. Ripe 
in August. 



102 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

No. 2. Morocco. 

A fine and very productive variety ; the size 
is rather small, nearly round ; the skin d 
dark pur])le, covered with a blue bloom ; 
flesh greenish yellow, juicy and good. A 
clingstone — ripening in August. 

No. 3, Prince''s Imperial Gage. 

Originated at the Nursery of Wm. Prince 
& Sons, Flushing, N. Y. Fruit nearly as 
large as the yellow egg plum ; of an oval form ; 
when fully ripe the skin is yellow, with streaks 
of bright yellow and green indistinctly seen ; 
the flesh rich and sweet. The most produc- 
tive and profltable of all the plums. Ripe in 
August. 

No. 4. BrevoorVs Purple JVashington. 

Produced from the stone of Bolmar's Wash- 
ington, by Mr. Brevoort, of New York. Fruit 
of large size ; form round, and nearly oval ; 
skin dark blue, covered with a blue bloom ; 
the flesh sweet and good. A freestone, ripen- 
ing in September. The tree is of vigorous 
growth and very productive. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 103 

No. 5. Orleans. 
This is a well known and prodtictivc plum ; 
the fruit is sometimes large ; the form round ; 
the skin dark, approaching to a purple, with a 
thin blue bloom ; the llesh 3'ellovv, firm and 
good, with some astringencj near the stone, 
from which the flesh separates. Ripe in Au- 
gust. 

No. G. KirJc's Plum. 

Fruit large, round ; skin dark purple, cov- 
ered with a dense bloom, which adheres hrm- 
\y to the skin ; flesh yellow, juicy and rich. 
A very productive freestone plum — ripening in 
August. 

No. 7. Pur pie Gage. 

Fruit of medium size, nearly round, a little 
flattened at the ends ; skin of a violet colour, 
with a light blue bloom ; the flesh greenish, 
rich and high flavoured. A first rate freestone 
plum ; a great bearer. Ripe in August. 

No. 8. Large Long Blue. 

The origin of this fine plum is uncertain ; 
the tree which produced the specimens was 



104 COOK OF FRUITS. 

procured from the Narsery of the Messrs. 
Laiidreth, Pliiladelpliia. The size is hirge ; 
the form oval, very long ; the skin blue, near- 
ly black, covered with a thick bloom ; the llesli 
yellow, rich and excellent ; it hangs a long 
time on the tree, ripening gradually, and is 
Avell adapted to the market, bearing carriage 
better than most other plums. It is a great 
bearer ; a freestone. i\ipe in September. 

No. 9. Green Garrc. 

o 

The fniest of all plums ; of medium size, 
round ; the skin a greenish yellow, when very 
ripe nearly yello^v, mottled with red near the 
stcnn ; flesh sugary and of delicious flavour. 
In our own exposed grounds, and in grass, it 
bears al)undant crops, not being subject to rot 
like many fine plums. A freestone, ripening 
in August and September. 

No. 10. Bkckcr's Gage. 

Produced from seed by the Rev. Mr. Bleek- 
er, of Albany, N. Y. The form oval, nearly 
round ; skin a dark yellow, ^vith dark red 
spots and blotches ; the flesh is rich and ex- 
cellent. A great bearer. Ripe in September. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 105 

No. II. Cooper'' s Plum. 
Produced from a stone of the Orleans, by 
Mr. Joseph Cooper, of New-Jersey ; the size 
is very hirge, round, a little oblong ; the skin 
a dark purple ; flesh greenish yellow, rich 
and good. It ripens in September ; produces 
abundant crops ; but is very subject to rot at 
the period of ripening. 

No. 12. Elfrey, 

This is a plum of small size and oval form ; 
the skin dark blue ; the flesh dry, firm and of 
fine flavour. The trees produce abundantly. 
A freestone — ripening in September. 

No. 13. German Prune. 
Fruit of medium size ; form oval, dimin- 
ishing towards the stem ; the skin purple with 
a blue bloom ; the flesh rich, sweet and 
delicious. It produces abundantly ; it begins 
to ripen in Au.gust, and can be eaten from the 
tree for a month or more. 

No. 14. Duane\'^ Purple. 

This is a plum of an extraordinary size ; 
the form round; the skin a dark purple; 



lOG BOOK OF FRUITS. 

flesh sweet and good. The origin of this 
j)h]in is uncertain ; it ripens in September, 
and has t!ie reputation of being a fuie fruit. 

No. 1.5. Bingham. 

Fruit large ; the form oval ; skin a bright 
} cllow, spotted and blotched with red ; the 
llesh yellow, rich and delicious. A cling- 
stone — ripening in .September. 

No. 1(3. 1 Fas hi no: ton. 

This very superior Plum originivted in New- 
York ; the size is very large ; form oval ; 
skin an orange yellow, speckh^d with red ; 
the llesh yeHow, sweet and excelhMit ; highly 
<\ste(Mn(,'d as a first rat(! phun. liipe in Sep- 
tember. 

No. 17. Italian Prune. 

The size is large; form oblong; t!ie skin 
dark j)urple, covered wiih a bloom ; ilesli 
greenish yello^v, firm, dry and fine. It bears 
well, and the fruit ripens in September and 
October. 

No. IG. Diamond. 
Tills new plum originated in England : it 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 107 

is of the largest size, oblong ; the skin purple, 
nearly black, covered with a thick bloom ; 
the flesh firm and good, but not rich ; the 
i tree is of raj)id growth — an extraordinary 
bearer. The fruit ripens in September. 

No. 19. Blue Imperatrice. 
Fruit of medium size ; shape oblong, tap- 
ering to the stem ; the skin a dark purple, 
covered with a light bluish bloom ; the flesh 
yellowish green, firm, rich and sweet. A 
clingstone. A great bearer. It hangs on 
the tree a long time, and is in use in October 
and November. 

No. 20. Coe's Golden Drop. 

[See plate No. 3. J 

This beautiful new plum is of large size ; 
the form is oval, with unequal sides ; the 
skin a golden yellow, spotted with rich red 
points and small blotches, on the sunny side ; 
the flesh yellow, sweet and delicious. A 
clingstone — an abundant bearer. Ripening 
gradually in September, October and Novem- 
ber. Of all the late plums this is decidedly 
the best and the tnost profitable which can be 
cultivated. 



108 BOOK OF FRL1T9. 

No. 1. Miujduke. 

Truit of medium size, round ; tlie skin when 
fully ripe very dark red ; the flesh tender, 
juicy and good. It is very productive, and 
the fruit ripens the last of June. 

No. 2. Davcnport''s. 
This fine cherry originated on the farm of 
Mr. Davenport, in Dorchester, Mass. ; the 
fruit is large, skin bright red ; the flesh firm 
and of excellent flavour. It is an early and 
most extraordinary bearer. Fruit ripe early 
in July. 

No. 3. Black Tartarian. 

[Sec plate No. ■!.] 

One of the finest and most productive cher- 
ries ; the size is large, heart shaped, the col- 
our when fully ripe is black ; flesh dark red, 
tender and of superior flavour. Ripe early in 
July. 

No. 4. Napoleon Bigarreau. 
The tree of this variety is remarkable for 




Iliarh- '/: 



nlill'hii' I'i'i'i'iy 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 109 

• 

the vigor and beauty of its growth ; the leaves 
are large and smooth. It is a fine large white 
cherry, ripening in July. As they have just 
come into bearing upon small trees, we cannot 
as yet say how productive they may be. 

No. 5. Black Heart. 

A well known and favourite cherry, of me- 
dium size, the skin when at maturity is black ; 
flesh dark red, tender and of fine flavour. 
Ripe in July. Very productive. We seldom 
see this cherry brought to market perfectly 
ripe ; when suffered to remain on the tree till 
they have acquired their proper colour, they 
are very superior. 

No. 6. Florence. 

This cherry resembles the white Bigarreau ; 
but is a little more oblong ; the flesh more 
tender, and ripens a few days earlier ; very 
fine and productive. 

No. 7. Elton. 

A new and very fine cherry, raised by Mr. 
Knight, President of the London Horticultur- 
al Society ; it is of medium size, long heart 
J 



11') BOOK OF FRUITS. 

sha|)e ; of a beautiful cream colour, marbled 
with bright red next the sun ; flesh rich and 
excellent. It is ripe about the first of July, 
and promises when the tree has attained a 
proper size, to be a great bearer. 

No. 8. White Bioarreau. 

o 

One of the largest and finest cherries ; the 
form obtuse, heart shaped ; skin pale yellow, 
with a bright red cheek ; flesh very firm, juicy, 
sweet and fine flavoured. Ripe in July. This 
cherry has the reputation of being a bad bear- 
er. In our orchard it bears abundantly, and 
owing to the hardness of its flesh, is not liable 
to injury from birds ; on this account it is 
hii^hlv deserving of cultivation. 

No. 9. Black Eagle. 

This is a new cherry ; the size is sometimes 
large, shape nearly that of the black heart ; 
skin a very dark purple ; flesh tender, of su- 
perior flavour ; the young trees bear well. 
Ripe in July. 

No. 10. Gridlcy. 
Originated on the farm of Mr. Gridlcy, in 



BOOK OF FRUITS. Ill 

Roxbury, Mass. Fruit of medium size, nearly 
round ; skin black ; flesh firm, rather dry, of 
good flavour, and a most abundant bearer. 
Ripe in July. 

No. 11. Downer. 

This fine cherry originated in tlie garden of 
Samuel Downer, Esq. in Dorchester ; it is a 
large, round cherry, of a light red colour ; flesh 
firm and of a fine sprightly flavour. It ripens 
in July, and is very productive. 

No. 12. LcbJ'ljmi'P}'" 

The size is large ; heart shape, rather flat ; 
the skin a shining dark red ; flesh tender, 
juicy and good. It is a great bearer. Ripti 
late in July. 

No. 13. Wliite Mazzard. 

A new fruit, which originated in the Po- 
mological Garden, from a stone of the White 
Bigarreau ; it is of the size, form and colour 
of the Elton ; the tree is of a handsome and 
upright growth, and bears well. Ripe in 
August. 



112 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

No. Ik Plumstone Morello. 

This is the larircst and finest of the acid 
cherries ; the skin is very dark red, when ful- 
ly ripe it is nearly black ; liesh dark red and 
of a sharp, rich and agreeable flavour. A 
great bearer ; it remains late on the tree in a 
sound state. 



orcn»»''^i ^* 



BOOK OF FRUITS. llo 



The Cataloirues sent out from the different 
Nurseries in our country contain many Trees 
and Shrubs which are in fact not suitable for 
New-England culture, as our winters are 
so severe that they are often killed to tiio 
ground ; — such are the Rhus cotinus or Veni- 
tian Sumache, the Ailanthus or Tree of Hea- 
ven, Osage Orange and frequently the Catal- 
pa ; — we have therefore selected the following 
list, of those which can be recommended as 
hardy and will stand our winters unprotected, 
commencing with 

Large Ornamental Trees — Class 1. 

Abele, or Silver Leaf — White Ash — Button 
Wood — Horse Chesnut — Weeping Willow — 
Butternut — Scotch Larch — Do. Elm — Lime, 
or Linden — American Larch — Common Lo- 
cust — Honey do. or o thorn'd Acacia — Scarlet 
maple — Sugar do. — Black and Red Spruce? 
Silver or Balsam Fir — (both Evergreens) — Li- 
riodendron, or Tulip Tree — European Syca- 
more — Striped leaved Sycamore. 
J* 



114 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

Small Ornamental Trees — Class 2. 

Siberian Red and Yellow Crab — Curled 
Mountain Ash — Weeping do. — Double Flow- 
ering Cherry — Snow Drop or Fringe Tree — 
Franklinia — Kentucky Coffee Tree — Labur- 
num — Double Flowering Peach — Shepardia, 
or Buffalo Berry. 

Shrubs, Vines and Trees of Low Groivih — 
Class 3. 

Rose Acacia — Double Flowering Almond — 
Altheas, (the Double White excepted) — Caly- 
canthus (Carolina Alspice) — Caucassian Ho- 
neysuckle — Missouri Fragrant Currant — Cor- 
nelian Cherry, (Cornus) — Tartarian Honey- 
suckle — English Fly do. (Vine) — Fragrant 
Monthly do. (Vine) — Scarled Trumpet do. 
(Vine) — Privit or Prim — Persian Lilac — Japan 
Quince or Pyrus Japonica — Snow Ball or 
Guelder Rose — Tree Pcconias, various kinds — 
Japan Globe Flower (blossoms twice in the 

season) — Snowberry : and nearly all the 

varieties of Rose, with the exception of the 
Chinese Monthly Roses, (so called,) which 
require protection during the winter. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 115 

In the article already given upon this fruit 
we recommended sending for those (without 
regard to names) "which have been tested by 
the Nurseryman and proved to be the best 
flavoured." The following list of good kinds 
of the Scotch and Lancanshire varieties, from 
a grower of this fruit, we subjoin on his au- 
thority. 

Red Fruit. 

Small Sorts. Red Champagne — Rough 
Red — Scotch Best Jam. 

Larger Sorts. Boardman's — Keen's Seed- 
ling — Leigh's Rifleman — Farrow's Roaring 
Lion — Red Warrington. 

White Fruit. 

Stnall Sorts. White Crystal — White Cham- 
pagne — Early White — White Honey. 

Larger Sorts. Woodward's Whitesmith — 
Wellington's Glory — Taylor's Bright Venus — 
Coleworth's White Lion — Saunders' Chesh- 
ire Lass. 

Yellow Fruit. 

Small Sorts. Yellow Champagne — Early 
Sulphur — Rumbullion-Hepburn Yellow Aston. 
Larore Sorts. Dixon's Golden Yellow. 



iig book of fruits. 

Grecn Fruit. 

Small Sorts. Early Green Hairy — Hcp- 
hiirii Green Prolific — Glenten Green — Pit- 
niaston Green Gage. 

Larger Sorts. Collier's Jolly Angler — 
Edwards' Jollv Tar. 



In closing this first manual, we here subjoin 
an extract from Lindley, one of the most cel- 
ebrated modern writers on Pomology, on tiic 
method of producing new varieties of fruit. 
H(; says, — 

" The power of procuring intermediate va- 
rieties by the intermixture of the pollen and 
stigma of two different parents is, however, 
that which most deserves consideration. We 
all know that hybrid plants are constantly pro- 
duced in every garden, and that improvements 
of the most remarkable kind are yearly occur- 
ring in consequence. Experiments are, how- 
ever, it may be supposed, sometimes made 
without the operator being exactly aware of 
either of the precise nature of the action to 
which he is trusting for success, or of the lim- 
its within which his experiments should be 
confined. 



BOOK OF FRUITS. 117 

*' Cross fertilization is effected, as every 
one knows, by the action of the pollen of one 
plant upon the stigma of another. The na- 
ture of this action is highly curious. Pollen 
consists of extremely minute hollow balls or 
bodies; their cavity is filled with fluid, in 
which swim particles of a figure varying from 
spherical to oblong, and having an apparently 
spontaneous motion. The stigma is compos- 
ed of very lax tissue, the intercellular passages 
of which have a greater diameter than the 
moving particles of the pollen. 

" When a grain of pollen comes in contact 
with the stigma, it bursts and discharges its 
contents among the lax tissue upon which it 
has fallen. The moving particles descend 
through the tissue of the style, until one, or 
sometimes more, of them finds its way, by 
routes specially destined by nature for this 
service, into a little opening in the integu- 
ments of the ovulum or young seed. Once 
deposited there, the particle swells, increases 
gradually in size, separates into radicle and 
cotyledons, and finally becomes the embryo, — 
that part which is to give birth, when the 
seed is sown, to a new individual. 



\ 18 BOOK OF FRUITS. 

'• Such being the; mode in which tiie pollen 
influences the stigma and subsequently the 
seed, a practical consequence of great impor- 
tance necessarily follows, viz. that in all cases 
of cross fertilization the new variety will take 
chiefly after its polliniferous or male parent; 
and that at the same time it will acquire some 
of the constitutional peculiarities of its mother. 

" Thus, the male parent of the Downton 
Strawl)erry was the Old Black, the female a 
kind of Scarlet ; in Coe's Golden Drop Plum, 
the father was the Yellow Magnum Bonum, 
the mother the Green Gage ; and in the 
Elton Cherry the AVliite Heart was the male 
parent, and the CJraffion the female. 

*' The limits ^\'ithin which experiments of this 
kind must l)e confined are, however, narrow. 
It seems that cross fertilization will not take 
})lace at all, or very rarely, between difierent 
s[)ecies, unless these species are nearly related 
to each other ; aiid that the offspring of the 
two distinct species is itself sterile, or if it 
])ossesses the power of multiplying itself by 
seed, its progeny returns back to the state of 
one or other of its parents." 



IHDES, 



Amrricnn Red Jime.iting 

Boxforil 

Baldwin 

Blue Permaia 

Bellrtower 

Benoni 

Drap D'Or 

Puchcss of Oldpnliiinj 

Daiivers Winter cjwiict 

Early Harvest 

P'arly Bough 

Early Red Mar!;arct 

Fall Harvey 

Franklin Goldtn Pippen 

Fanieuse 

Gravenstein 

Golden llusset 

Green Sweet 

Hawthorndean 

Hubbardston Nonsuch 

Kilham Hill 

Kerry Pippt-n 

Lady Apple 

Lyscom 

i-iovett Sweet 

Mela Caria 



Autumn Superb 

Andrews 

Amire Joannet 

Beurre D'Areiiibcrj 

Beurre Bosc 

Beurre, Easter 

Beurra, Golden of Bilbo3 

Beurre Van Marum 

Beurre Dicl 

Bonrsmestre, of Boston 

Bergamotte D'Automnc 

Blood good 

Bon Chretien Fondante 

Belle Lucrative 

Belle et Bonne 

BulTuni 

Bleeker's Meadow 

Black Pear of Worcester 

Chair A'Datne 

Capsheaf 



APPLES. 




Page. 




Pags. 


46 


Menagero 


5(5 


50 


Murphy 


57 


59 


Blinister 


Cvi 


55 


Newtown Ppitzenburg 


.'.!? 


en 


Oslin 


50 


49 


Ortley Pippen 


67 


48 


PortoV 


51 


53 


Pennockg 


58 


(■0 


Pickman Pippen 


61 


45 


Red Ingestrie 


5& 


4(; 


Rainbour l>'Ete 


47 


41. 


Red Astraran 


50 


48 


Rliode Islan<l Greening 


55 


53 


Ribstone Pippen 


54 


55 


Red Quarenden 


55 


53 


Red Doctor Apple 


49 


54 


Roxbury Russet 


fa 


(13 


Summer Queen 


46 


48 


Summer Rose 


47 


40 


Summer Pearmain 


47 


51 


Swaar 


60 


53 


White Winter Calville 


58 


59 


Wine Apple 


65 


51 


Williams' Favourite Red 


49 


5(> 


Yellow Ingestrie 


iU 


Gl 






PEARS. 




75 


Cabot 


ei 


T4 


Cumberland 


83 


(;4 


Crawford 


68 


95 


Citron do Sirentz 


(.9 


80 


Gushing 


71 


95 


Catillac 


95 


80 


Dearborn's Seedling 


68 


7<) 


Dix 


88 


90 


Duchesse D'Angouleme 


89 


90 


Echasserie 


94 


86 


Easter Beurre 


95 


65 


Fig Pear of Naples 


91 


82 


Frederic of Wurteniberg 


83 


75 


Fulton 


83 


75 


Green Pear of Yair 


71 


79 


Gansels Bergamot 


81 


88 


(ilout Morceau 


94 


9.; 


Golden Beurre of Bilboa 


80 


70 


Harvard 


7b 


77 


Ileathcots 


7d 



I-rjo 


INDEX. 






I'l;, 


wts. 


riif,'!-. 


Ilnlll-)' 


(M 


l<aVliii>rHl 


7;i 


ri.iin rniiiiii 


VI i 


K,-in<Mli-- I'uir.-i 


n 


.ImIcim ,r 


V:i 


ItiiiiH-iIrll,- llahir 


(fi 


.lollOMIIot 


VI 


HollfHcl, II,- (1,- KIllllHi 


<;!i 


.liilinnir 


(;■/ 


li,,slii-/,,r 


7'J 


.liiclllliwirn Mrllllli; 


V'.' 


SiiipanH ViTj-'aliiii 


77 


l.cilllKC liolllH) il.: .I.TMcy 


1-:) 


,S,iKI<; 


7:1 


l,c..n;<;rr.i, 


vi; 


!-'iii|iaNH Si. (icniiuiM 


!KJ 


1,,-VVlM 


!i:i 


,Sliiiil,-srf 


CO 


Miiclal.i.,.- 


i;i 


.Mlllllll,,'!- llllHI- 


Cli 


MjmI.- I..MilH.- 


>'7 


Siiii,i,„-|- l-'rani- Ri-ill 


Cli 


M uwl'i i;^!:, Ill' lloi'lim 


is:l 


■J. 


70 


Naiiiiilir.i;' 


711 


,Sl. (;|iihI;,iii 


71 


^l.|ll.l^,,rl 


k7 


Svlvaii, lie V<-ili; 


•lit 


Ni'vvlduli Vc-r';:ilini 


!H 


i;rl>aiii.<l,' 


Hf) 


I'clil iMllH. .11. 


III 


Valic I'r.iiu-lii! 


7(1 


r.,|H'H Uiiiili.T 


H'i 


VVai'liiiij-1,,11 


80 


r.lri- 


f'l 


UilhaMi: ' lion Clii-clii-ii (1! 


ulliU) (i7 


I'lliiicHi III iii.iii;;.' 


t'l) 


\\illi.ii,,v Caily 


70 


Viimr ( ■oil,, Ml 


!!•! 


VViIImi,;,,!! 


8(1 


J'iImii^'h si. <;,riiiaiii 

roiiii 1 ViAi 


'j:i 

'jii 


Willi, r Kili;s 


M 




ri:\( 


IIKH. 




I!.-I1.mI.) Viliy 


'.i:i 


(Ililiiiivoii CIlnKHlono 


100 


» '()ii|;ii'HH < 'linHMloili, 


ii)ii 


I'irsi, 1,-1,1 


;i'.) 


J'.arlv Aim 


'.17 


li,'il KaK-iip,' 


'.17 


lOiiilv l!i,\nl CiDr;.'.!' 


!I7 


II, ,1 <'li,','k Mi'l.-ii, ,1,111 


'.W 


(;ii,MM- aiirri,,iiii.. 


'.n 


l(, ,1 :,M,l V, ll,,u ]!arci-i|ii; 


'.IH 


Ili'alli CliMi^ildMi- 


III! 


Willi,' l!l,,M,,,iii 


il'.l 


ftlalla 


!!''. 


V\liit,- i;ai,iip.- 


'.17 


< tiniiKr I''rci'Hl(iMi' 


Illll 








ri.i'.M.s'. 




r.liir li,,|><'ialiir.' 


11)7 


<;itiiiaii riiiiii- 


iir, 


liiiH',M,il'i< I'liipl.- VVaHliiii;,'l( 


11 III-! 


llali^ aiiiaHk 


nil 


lllr.K.T'H Car"- 


■ Ill 


Italian I'liiii,- 


lor, 


lUutihMH 


iiii; 


Klill's I'lllMl 


111:1 


r,icv (;,,iiiiii Driip 


107 


l.air'' l.,i"!' Itlii,' 


10:1 


<;>>i,|ii r'>< riiiiii 


IDA 


M„t,„-,„ 


lO-J 


IIiiiiih^'m I'liiplu 


lir, 


Orl.-aiis 


10:1 


lliaiii 1 


loi: 


Pllipl,- f.iV^I- 


10:1 


lOlln-y 


10., 


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OKNAMKN'I'AI, 'ntlOI'.S. 



Oriiaiiiciil.-il 'I'l-rrn, (^lauM 
Oili.iMiriilal 'I'li-CH, (;iUMS ! 



11:1 'Jniaiiii-iilal .sinuliH, Vines 
III (•Ia.s.s3 



ADVERTISINC; SJIKET 



TO THE 



BOOK OF FRUITS; 



J 8 3 8 . 



O.V DL.IRDOILY STREET— SALEM. 

FRUiT TREES, VINES, SHRUBS, AND 

ORNAxMENTAL TREES. 

Warranted correct, constantly fot sale at ROI5ERT MANNING'S Pumolcgical 

Garden, vtvAM JOHN M. IVES' a(1.i^inill^ jVKr.vcri/— pacUod for 

transportation, aiui at Nursery prices. 

SCIONS OF FRUIT TREES, &c. &c. 



lYES & JEWETT, 

193 ESSES STREET, H WE COM ST A XTI. Y FOR SALE, 

OF THE BEST VAKIETIES, DONE Ur IN A NEAT MANNER. 
ViITII DIRECTIONS FOR Ctil.TURE, &C. &C. 

A L S O , 

SCHOOL BOOKS AND STATIONERY, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 

!^ All llic stan.iaril works on AQRICULTURK AXD OARDE.VLW'i 

togeilier wiili a complete assortment of CUTLERY — Pruning 

and Budding Knives, Shears, Lc. Sec. 



NE W.ENGLAND 

AGHZOUZ.TU"HAI. WAHSHOXJSE. 

SEED STORE, 

AM) OFFICE OF THE NEW-ENGLAND FAIIMER. 
No. SI it 53 NortU rrlarkct Strict, BOSTOX. 

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. 



irr 'I'liK Proi'iicldrs of lliis r,vliil.liNliiiiciil wuul.] )ii!'()!iii llnir 
I'nomis and llio )ju!)lic, lluU lUcy keep f(iii,l;iull\' im iiautl ;iii<l lor 
siile, ihe •;rcnU\st varii'tv of Agiiculliirnl lin]ilL'iiiriils, (iiass Sreds. 
(uinlon and Flouor .Seeds, Hiiliioiis Ivoots, DouIjIc Dahlias. i\:c. &C. to 
lie Ibinid in ihi.' cinuiliA ; — ainoni^' wliicli aif llic liillouini; • — 

A (; R 1 C V LT U R A L I M 1' I. E ^1 EIS T S . 



«'. Howard's Ca.-'t Iron PIoul'Iis, 
'J'K-e's do. ilo. 

Hide Mill do. do. 

Double .Mould IJo-.id do. 
WroUKlit Iron and Wooden Tlouulis, 
.'^<aitt, ICeith, & otli!-r riou!,'li Castiu^.-^, 
Willis' iniproved Cultivator, 
• Jrren'.s Tatent .Straw (Jutter, 
Willis' do. do. 

('ouiuriii Iriiid do. 

Manure and Ilav I'oiks. 
Sfvtlies of all k'inds, 
I'aient and otlier ,<niitlis, 
Jlall'saiid oilier Hay Uakes, 
tirindstone.*; on li'ollers, 
Torn .<lieller.s, firaiu Cradles, 
Cjiaiiis ofall kinds, 



Willis' iniprovi'il ft'cd .'-ower 

(laull's Patent Clnirns, 

."^fll'Oiieratinn Clieese I'ress, 

Horse I'ow er.anil 'I'lire.sliing ilacliinc, 

l)a\ is' Uoad Srrapers, 

Hale's Uotary l'uni|), Lead Pipe, 

I'oree I'uinps, Copp r do. Iron do. 

Und.uliill's Cast i^leel A\e, 

]!aik .Mills, C<un and Colib Mills, 

Harris' Paint do. \\ iniunvin^ do. 

Crat.r Cider do. 

Cast Iron Cidrr Screws, 

\(.kes(d' all kinils : 

With a ^'reat \aii.t\- of .Virie'iUurril 
and llorliiiiltiiral Tools, tto numer- 
ous to nienteui. 



FIEF.D SEEDS. 



N'ortliern Clover, Poutliern do 
White Honevsiickle Clover, 
Jaireriie, I'lerds (irass, or 'PiuioMiy. 
lied 'J'op, Soutlii-rn .-^eiil, 

do. .\ortliern do. 
Fowl .Meadow, do. 

t»r.-liard Grass, do. 



liul-i HaiM, Maimr! Wiat/,(d, 

Sniiar ileet, &e. 

Winter and S^iininer Wln-at, 

.lo. lio. i;vr, 

nail.'\-, En.;lish()ats, 
Corn of\anoiis so.ls, Millel, 
Hemp, I'lax.^eed, Potators. 



GARDEN SEEDS, 

Of cvcrv dcsiraMc variety will be lurnished, \viiolcsale niid retail- liv the 
lioiuid, l)0.\', or jiackai^c. 



SEEDS IN BOXES, 

For retailing, tloiie up in the neatest manner in packaq^es, with the name 

and ilirections printed on each parcel. Retailers 

supplied on most favorable terms, with 

boxes from ^1 to ^100. 

FOR THE FLOWER GARDEN. 

We have a very extensive collection of choice Flower Seeds, em- 
bracing all the Annuals, Biennials and Perennials worthy of cultivation. 
Packages of twenty-five sorts for one dollar. 

Dutch Bulbous Roots. — We import of these annually from Hol- 
land, a splendid collection, consisting of double and single Hyacinths, 
double aid single Tulips, Crown Imperials, Narcissus, Iris, Crocus, 
Gladiolus, Amaryllis, Ixias, &c. <fcc. 

Double Dahlia Roots. — Of this beautiful and popular flower, we 
have nio."e than two hundred fine varieties, embracing all that were 
shown at the exhibition of the lAfassachusetts Horticultural bociely. 
Roots can be furnished from the first of October to the first of July, safe- 
ly packed in Moss, and sent to any part of the country. 

Fruit and ornamental Trees and Shrubs furnished to order at Nursery 
prices. 

Large plants of the Morus Multicaulis, and cuttings of the same, 
can be furnished by the hundred or thousand at moderate prices. 

We vvouUI call the attention of the public to the New-England 
Farmer; one of the oldest and best agricultural newspapers in the 
country, containing a gieai amount of interesting and useful matter for 
the practical farmer and gardener. It is issuetl at our office weekly, on 
Wednesdays, at the moderate price of ^2 50 per year in advance, or $3 
at the close of the year. 

We also pnblish the Horticultural Register, and Garden- 
er's Magazine, issued monthly, at ^^2 per annum in advance, or ^2 50 
at the expiration of six months. This work is devoted principally to the 
cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables an<l Flowers. New subscribers can be 
supplied with the back volumes at ,§2 50 per vol. bound. 

Among our agricultural Books we keep for sale, The Complete Farm- 
er ; Kenrick's Orchardist ; American Gardener ; Briclgman's Gardener's 
Assistant; Moubray on Poultry; Silk Grower's Guide; Cobb's Silk 
Manual ; Loudon's VV'orks, together with a great variety of useful and 
interesting works in this line. 

lO' We hope by unremitting attention, to sustain the credit of this 
Establishment, and realize the anticipations of our predecessors, New- 
kll, Russell, & Barrett, in making it one of the most complete 
depositories for every thing in the Agricultural and Horticultural line m 
the country. 

JOSEPH BRBCJS & CO. 



BOSTOH SEED BTOHE. 



ELLIS & BOS SO IS", 

At ihi ir Alti' ultunil Rstalili.sluneiit, No. 34, \ORTII MARKET STREET. 
]iO.STO.\, .M:i^s. (lip ftriirs) iiciiiiy ojjpdsitt; the centri: (if tlie M.irket, keep 
cimsliintly on linnd, a very sreat variety of Oardeu, Grass and 
Flower Seeds, comprising every kiml of vci;ctahlc seeds aiid ^lecct pot 
herbs. 



AI,E AND 11 l.TAII. 



TiMiotliy or llenl^: (Irass, 
r\ortii.:rii and Soullicrii liiii Top, 
Xortliorn Clover, Soutiiern do. 
Wliite iJutdi do. 
J.ueenic, or French Clover, 
Orchard (irass, or Knsilisli C'oelifoot, 
(aooj for early and late pa.«tiiraL'e,) 
Millet, AVhite'and IJrovvn .Mustard 
I'otat.R' Oats, Skinless Oats, 
riiielc \Vli(;at, 

Earlv white I'otatoe, liest varietv, 
.■^t Hell im da 

Yellow Locust Seed, for tinilier trees. 
r.unaHlooil Heet, 
Manv'l Wnrtzel, for stock, 



Kiita Haja, 

Lonn UranL'c ami AUringhani Carrot, 

White ."^ilcsia Sugar Beet, 

liiack Sea, tiiluian, Tea, and Italian 
Spring VVliiMt, 

Tuscany Wheat, winter, new and 
tine variety. 

Red (.'hair, uiiiter, 

Willie jiu^hy do 

Spring and winter Rye, 

liroom (,'urii. 

.\nd every kind of seed, early and 
late, the new as well as the old va- 
rieties, on terms very accoiniiioda- 
tin;;. 



FLOV7ER SEEDS. 

Two liundreil very handsunu; varieties, put up in small papers. Packages 
containing heautil'ul .•\nnuals, Iliennials and f'eiennials, at .$1. 

Dtitcli Bulbous Roots, in great variety. 

G.VRDEX SEEDS will he supplied to traders at wholesale, or at a large 
<iiscount from retail prices, either by the pound or in hoxes, containing a com- 
plete assortment, neatly pajiereil and labelled, with printed directions for their 
culture. These seeds are warranted not only fresh, but of superior quality. 
Boxes of seeds containing a good assortment for a family garden, at .^S per 
box. 

Books upon .Agriculture ami Rural Econoinv, wholesale and retail. 

TREES, (Jrape vines, llerbacious, Crecn House and other Tlants iu any 
quantities 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMEMS, 

.MACm.VF.s, &c. 

Of every kinJ, and most approved patterns, comprising; every thing that is 
wanted on a FAK.M, UAUUEN, or OUCIIAKD. 



YANKEE FARMER; 



VOLUME FOURTH: F.DITP.D BY S. W. COLE, ESQ. .5S-ST.^r£/> BV 
THE CO.rTIilBUTW.yS OF PR^'lCTIC^iL FAUMEHU, A.VD EXPEHl- 
E.\CED JKUilCULTURlHTS. 

OXiice, Ko. 3i, NoitSi Marliet Street, Boston, Mass. 



The YANKEE FARMER is a weekly publication, of eiglit 
pages, devoted to Agriculture, on a largo quarto sheet. The 
price is two dollars per nnnun), pnj'able within sixty days 
from the time of subscribing ; and every sixth copy will bo allow- 
ed to jrentl>?nien wiio procure us five subscribers, and remit the 
money in advance. A volume will contain 41 (j pages quarto, and 
be furnished with a copious index and title page. It is tiie cheap- 
est agricultural paper in New England, containing more reading 
than S.jOO pages duidecimo. 

Almost every man cultivates a spot of earth, and wiiether it 
be a large or small one, he should learn the best productions, the 
best methods of culture, and the latest improvement in tools and 
machines. Those who are not cultivators will find mucii in the 
Farmer that will be interesting and useful. 

Articles on Rural and Domestic Economy, Arts, Trades, &c. 
will frequently come home to the business and promote the inter- 
est of every rellucting person. 

The Price Current of Country Produce, and a weekly report of 
the sales at Brighton Market, will be published in the Farmer. 
[EJ" Subscriptions must be sent by mail to 

CHARLiES F. B0SS02?, Publislicr, 

31, A'yrlA Market. Street, Boston, Mass. 



NO. 9, ^lERCIlAiNTs' ROW BOSTON. 



SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS, 

Offer at wholesale and retail, one of the most extensive as- 
sortments of GARDEN, GRASS, FIELD, and FLOWER 
SEICD, to be found in New England. Having long been en- 
giged in the cultivation of plants and the raising of seed, tbey 
can warrant every article, true to its name and of the best quality. 

Sucli as Spiing W'hoat, Spring Rye, Barley, Buckwheat, 
Mangel VVurtzel, Ruta Baga, Sugar Beet, Mulberry Seed, Dut- 
lon Corn, &c. &c. In the selection of these articles, H. & Co. 
give the most particular attention, and purchasers may rely upon 
procuring the most approved kinds, and of genuine quality. 

CRJLSS SISISDS. 
Herds Grass, Red Top, Noithern and Southern Clover, White 
Dutch (Clover, Lucerne, Orchard, Rye, and Dew Grass, Millet, 
Ac. at wholesale and letail. 

GJkRDX:ir SEEDS. 

The great variety of vegetable seeds renders it impossible to 
enumerate them in an advertisemer>t. In addition to all the old 
and approved kinds, they annually receive from the first seeds- 
men in Europe, every thing that is new or rate. The following 
are among those ot more recent introduction :— 

C'c'ilu ^'lllli I'cas (eaily) I Bailf) 's CJiaiit Red t'clf ry 

(iroone's Siipcrti Dwarf Blue | do do Wliite do 

Kail)' Warwick Peas | Early Vanack Cabbage 



TIuOVrHB. SEEDS. 

4 00 kinds of Annual and Perennial FLOWER SEEDS, 
embracing- all Ihe most choice and beautiful ; 

]'2 varieties of Superb Donble German Asters; 

10 do. of double dwarf Larkspurs ; 
G do. of Zumiis, &c. Ac. all raised by themselves, and 
warranted to be the most beautiful in cultivation. 

I'ackaires of 20 kinds liandsoniely put up for ^l. 

100 elegant varieties in one package, $4. 

hicluding 2 00 varieties of Camellias ; 40 of Erica's or 
Heaths, Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Geraniums, &.c. ; Hardy Pe- 
rennial Flowering Plants, (^-c. 

A large collection ot the most splendid DAI1LL\S, Bulbous 
Flower Roots, ^ c. ^c- 

FE.UIT AWD O^N^^sflH^TA.It TREES, 

Grape Vines, Gooseberries, Strawberries, Asparagus, Rhubarb 
Roots, 4c- 
BOOKS on Gardening, Botany, Agriculture, ic 

[HJ* DEALERS and others supplied on accommodating terms, 
with every variety of Garden Seeds, by tiie pound, bushel, or 
ounce; or if required, in koxf.s, neatlj' put up in papers, and 
labelled with the name and all the particulars of cultivation. 

0= A liberal discount made from the retail prices. 

H. & CO. publish the MAGAZINE OF HORTICUL- 
TURE, volume IV of which cominenced on Jan. 1, I'^i'S. — 
Monthly, at )^'?, per year. 

CAr.-v.i.ocL Ks may be had on application. 

' ,/" Orders for anj kind of Seeds, Plants, or Trees, directed to 
HOVEY iV Co. JKo. 9, Merchants' Row, Boslon, will nieet witii 
prompt attention, and be faitlifull3' executed. — Plants packed ko 
as to go safely to any part of the country. 



(^0 ieq ©i\miEiiss®sj^'^ 

•\VIIOLE?ALK AND RETAIL 

FLUSHING Lc I. KEV/ YORK. 



ALWAYS ON UAMI, A I. ART.]' A?S0RT:MKNT OF 

AGRICULTURAL, KITC[1E?>I GARDEN AND FLOWER 

S S3 ^ B S , 
of the greatest variety, and at reduced prices. 

ALSO, 

A iar<je collection of" the most superb varieties of Daht-ias. 
JIoriLi Jilidticaulis Plants can be supplifd in any fiiliiiiiitiof;, & nt iiiodeiatf rate?. 

In fact every tiling' appertaininrr to the Seed or I'^ursrry busi- 
ness can he supplied ; and to those who purchase to sell again, 
a liberal deduction will be made. 



•> MO.^T r.XTKNSIVE VARIETY OF T!:E J'lNEST SORTS, INCEUIUNC; 
TtlE CELriJUATEU 

Also— Apples, Cherries, Peaches, Fiuin.s, Nectarines, Apricots, 
.'UiU'-inds, Quinces, Grape Vines, Currants, Raspberries, Fine 
i:i!ported Lancashire Gooseberries. 

MULBERRIES FOR SILK, at a liberal discount, by the 
hundred or thousand, including the Chinese, or Morus Multi- 
caulis. 

[D= All orders left with IVES S,^ JKVvETT, at fheir B<iok 
'>Mi Seed Stoue, 103 Esses Street, will be duly attended to. 

fO" CATALOGUES gratis, on appUratiuii. 



SALEM 



WILLIAM H. CHASE, 

AT THE CHAMBERS OVER HIS HARD-WARE STORE, ] 3G ESSEX 
OPPOSITE CENTRAL STREET, 

HAS CONSTANTLY ON HAND, 

AN ASSORTMENT OF 



C Howard's Cast Iron Ploughs 

J. & J. Sylvester's do do 

Ploug-h Castings, 

Corn Shellers 

Willis' improved Seed Sower, 

Green's Patent Straw Cutterj 

Willis' do do 

Common hand do 

Lead Pipe, 

Cast Iron Pumps, 

Copper do 

Wood do 

Gault'a Patent Churns, 

Shaker and common Churns, 



Manure and Hay Forks, 

Farwell's Scvthes 

Colby's do 

Patent and common Snaiths, 

Wilder and Eddy's Rakes, 

Grindstone Rollers 

Corn Mills, 

Paint do 

Cast Steel Shovels, 

Iron do 

Garden Tools of all kinda. 

Cast Iron Boilers, 

Cast Steel Hogs, 



Together with a great variety of other Agricultural and Horti- 
cultural TOOLS, which ',viU be sold on the most favorable tern«s. 

Any description of AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS that 
may be wanted, will ba procured at short notice from the manu- 
facturers. 



Saleb, 3d MONTH, 5tb, 1833. 



683 



'i 



-^ 



.,x\- 



l- 



II 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



DDDmi71t>S4 




